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世卫组织发布迫切需要新型抗生素的细菌清单

2017-02-28 佚名 世界卫生组织

世卫组织27日发表了首份抗生素耐药“重点病原体”清单——这是对人类健康构成最大威胁的12种细菌种族目录。



世卫组织27日发表了首份抗生素耐药“重点病原体”清单——这是对人类健康构成最大威胁的12种细菌种族目录。



制定该清单的用意在于指导和促进新型抗生素的研究与开发,这是世卫组织努力解决日益严重的全球抗微生物药物耐药性的部分内容。

该清单特别强调了对多种抗生素存有耐药的革兰氏阴性细菌的威胁性问题。这些细菌具有寻找新方法抵抗治疗的内在能力,并且还可以传递使其它细菌产生耐药的遗传物质。

世卫组织卫生系统和创新助理总干事Marie-Paule Kieny博士说:“这份清单是用来确保研发工作面向公共卫生紧急需求的新工具。抗生素耐药性问题不断加重,我们的治疗选用办法正在快速耗尽。如果仅仅依靠市场力量来解决问题,我们最迫切需要的新型抗生素将不会得到及时开发。”

世卫组织根据对新型抗生素的迫切需求程度将清单分为三个类别:极为重要、十分重要和中等重要。

最为重要的一组包括耐多药细菌,这些细菌在医院、养老院以及在需要用通气机和血液导管等装置进行护理的患者中带来了特定威胁。它们包括不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属和各种肠杆菌科(包括克雷伯氏菌属、大肠杆菌、沙雷氏菌属和变形杆菌属)。这些细菌可引起严重且常常致命的感染,例如血流感染和肺炎。

这些细菌已经对大量抗生素产生了耐药性,包括碳青霉烯类和第三代头孢菌素类药物——用于治疗耐多药细菌的最佳可用抗生素。

清单中的第二和第三个层级为十分重要和中等重要类别,其中含有其他一些日益出现耐药并引起更常见疾病的细菌,例如淋病和由沙门氏菌引起的食物中毒。

二十国集团卫生专家将于本周在柏林会面。德国联邦卫生部长Hermann Grohe先生表示:“我们的卫生系统需要有效抗生素。为了更加健康的未来,我们现在必须采取联合行动。因此,我们将讨论并提请二十国集团关注为控制抗微生物药物耐药性做出的努力。世卫组织制定的首份全球重点病原体清单是确保和指导新抗生素相关研究和开发的重要新工具。”

该清单旨在促进政府制定政策,激励公共资助机构和对发现新型抗生素进行投资的私营部门开展基础科学和先进研发工作。它将为新的研发举措提供指导,如致力于非营利性新型抗生素开发的世卫组织/被忽视疾病药物行动全球抗生素研发伙伴关系。

结核病对传统治疗方法的耐药性近年来一直呈增长之势。之所以没有将其列入清单,就是因为它是其它专门规划的工作目标。也没有将甲型和乙型链球菌和衣原体等其它细菌纳入其中,这类细菌对现有治疗办法的耐药程度较低,且目前不会带来公共卫生重大威胁。

该清单是利用经过一组国际专家审查的多标准决策分析技术,与德国蒂宾根大学传染病处合作开发完成的。病原体的选择列表标准为:

所引起感染的致命程度如何;

是否需要长期住院治疗;

当社区成员接触现有抗生素时出现耐药的频次;

在动物之间、从动物到人以及人与人传播的容易程度;

是否可以预防(例如通过讲究卫生和实施疫苗接种);

还剩多少治疗选用方案;

以及是否已有新的抗生素治疗方法处于研发过程中。

蒂宾根大学传染病处处长以及清单制定主要贡献者Evelina Tacconelli教授说,“针对这种病原体优先列表获得的新型抗生素将有助于减少世界各地因耐药感染造成的死亡。继续等待将会带来更多公共卫生问题,并对病人治疗产生很大影响。”

虽然更多研发努力至关重要,但仅仅靠此并不能解决问题。为了解决耐药性问题,还必须更好地预防感染并在人间和动物中间适当使用现有抗生素,以及合理使用将来开发出来的任何新型抗生素。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1300807, encodeId=8399130080e8c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6f720e61ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世卫组织#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20761, encryptionId=d6f720e61ab, topicName=世卫组织)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Thu Mar 02 01:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178309, encodeId=daab1e830951, content=非常感谢啦啦啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=38b31934560, createdName=葫芦糊涂, createdTime=Wed Mar 01 07:42:37 CST 2017, time=2017-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178201, encodeId=175f1e820131, content=很好,学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 13:46:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1676859, encodeId=53d116e685906, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=63825823146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型抗生素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58231, encryptionId=63825823146, topicName=新型抗生素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8bab27396846, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 16:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178183, encodeId=192c1e8183ce, content=非常完美的人啦啦啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=38b31934560, createdName=葫芦糊涂, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 10:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178182, encodeId=490c1e818200, content=解决耐药性问题,还必须更好地预防感染并在人间和动物中间适当使用现有抗生素,以及合理使用将来开发出来的任何新型抗生素。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Feb 28 10:33:35 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-01 葫芦糊涂

    非常感谢啦啦啦

    0

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    2017-02-28 虈亣靌

    很好,学习一下

    0

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    2017-02-28 葫芦糊涂

    非常完美的人啦啦啦

    0

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    2017-02-28 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    解决耐药性问题,还必须更好地预防感染并在人间和动物中间适当使用现有抗生素,以及合理使用将来开发出来的任何新型抗生素。

    0

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