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Journal of Hepatology:新发现!周末补觉可缓解非酒精性脂肪肝

2022-03-21 张晓庆 生物探索

众所周知,熬夜伤身,在现在社会和工作压力的影响下,人们更多地通过在周末睡更长的时间来弥补一周中睡眠不足的影响。

睡眠时间是衡量人体健康状况的重要指标,肝脏是维持生命所必需的,在新陈代谢中起着重要作用。非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)是一种由脂肪过度堆积引起的代谢性肝病,全球发病率很高。NAFLD包括一系列的肝脏损害,从单纯性脂肪变性到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,如果不加以预防,可能会导致肝硬化和肝癌。

既往研究发现,睡眠不足与肝纤维化呈负相关,睡眠不足和睡眠质量差会引发多个与NAFLD相关的病理生理过程。近日,发表在Hepatology杂志的一篇题为“Weekend catch-up sleep is associated with the alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”的研究显示:周末补觉可缓解非酒精性脂肪肝(图1)。

图1 研究成果(图源:[1])

本研究记录2008-2019年来自韩国国民健康和营养调查(Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,KNHANES)中有关睡眠时间的数据。由于KNHANES在2016年收集的睡眠时长不同,根据收集的睡眠时长类型将总数据分为集合1(n=26988)和集合2(n=11714)。根据睡眠持续时间不同将受试者分为3组:第1组,平均每日睡眠小于7小时;第2组,平均工作日睡眠不足7小时,周末平均睡眠超过7小时(WCUS模式);第3组:平均每日睡眠时间大于或等于7小时。然后,采用多因素Logistic回归分析每组睡眠时间与NAFLD的相关性。

本研究中使用肝脏脂肪变性指数(hepatic steatosis index,HSI)来确定脂肪肝的存在。HSI计算公式为:HSI=8×(ALT/AST)+BMI(女性+2,糖尿病+2),HSI≥36被认为是脂肪肝的指标(ALT:alanine aminotransferase,谷丙转氨酶;AST:aspartate aminotransferase,谷草转氨酶;BMI:body mass index,体重指数)。以平均每日睡眠时间<7小时为基准,从KNHANES(2008-2015年)的数据分析显示,平均每日睡眠时间≥7h与患NAFLD风险呈显着负相关。即使使用KNHANES(2016-2019年)的数据将睡眠时间划分为工作日和周末进行分析,睡眠时间≥7h也显示出与患NAFLD风险呈显着负相关。此外,当将受试者分为男性和女性进行分析时,结果相似(表1)。

表1 临床相关亚组中睡眠时间和质量与NAFLD风险的关系

表格来源:[1]

在KNHANES数据集合2中,第1、2、3组分别纳入了2365(20.2%)、2602(22.2%)和6747(57.6%)名受试者。以第1组为基准,第2、3组患NAFLD的风险都减低;而将受试者分为男性组和女性组进行对照分析时,发现第2、3组患NAFLD的风险也都减低。此外,在对肥胖和代谢综合征受试者的分析中发现,以第1组为基准,第2、3组患NAFLD的风险减低。本研究还对WCUS与ALT异常及肥胖的关系进行了分析,以第1组为基准,当ALT≥40IU/L或BMI≥25 kg/m2时,第2组和第3组患NAFLD的风险都减低。总之,该研究显示,睡眠充足和WCUS的人患NAFLD的风险比睡眠不足的人低。

NAFLD在我国的治疗进展

近年来,脂肪性肝病现已取代慢性乙型肝炎成为我国最常见的慢性肝病。在我国NAFLD患者人数迅速增加,且发病年龄呈低龄化趋势,已逐步成为重要的公共健康问题,NAFLD的预防和治疗也逐渐成为代谢疾病领域的研究热点之一。那目前NAFLD主流治疗方法有哪些呢?

1、生活行为纠正

目前普遍被接受的减重是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis,NASH)病人肝脏组织学特性改善的最强相关因素,日常生活行为的纠正,包括健康饮食(拒绝高卡路里、高脂和高糖饮食)、拒绝酒精和加强体育锻炼,已经成为NAFLD和NASH的一线治疗策略。

2、药物治疗

据统计,截至2020年底,全球共计约有175种相关药物在研,其中35种目前处于临床Ⅰ期研究中,78种处于临床Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期研究中。虽然申报数量庞大,但结果却不尽如人意,至今全球尚无获批用于治疗NAFLD的药物。若非必须,任何具体药物疗法都不应被临床医生推荐。但使用吡格列酮、维生素E(800 U/d)可改善NASH患者的肝组织学特征。因此在与病人充分沟通治疗方案的风险之后,可考虑将上述两种药物用于NASH病人(吡格列酮可能引起噻唑烷二酮类药物常见的不良反应:高危人群的体重增加、足部水肿、骨质流失和充血性心力衰竭,而饮食中补充维生素E则可能显着增加健康男性罹患前列腺癌的风险)。

3、外科治疗

对于行为纠正以及药物治疗不敏感的NASH病人,减重手术或许是有效的替代方案。减重手术是近年来快速发展的一种有效的减重疗法。而不论减重手术抑或行为纠正所导致的有效减重,都被证实能够显着改善NASH病人的肝组织学特性。

NASH潜在治疗新靶点在国内获得突破

2022年3月12日,南京医科大学吕凌团队在著名期刊Journal of Hepatology上发表了一篇题为“Role of XBP1 in regulating the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis”的研究论着,发现了XBP1抑制剂可作为NASH的潜在治疗新靶点(图2)。

图2 研究成果(图源:[2])

该研究从NASH患者和对照组获得人肝组织用于评估X-box结合蛋白-1(XBP1)的表达,NASH模型是在肝细胞特异性Xbp1敲除 (Xbp1ΔHep)、巨噬细胞特异性Xbp1敲除 (Xbp1ΔM?)、巨噬细胞特异性Nlrp3敲除和野生型(Xbp1FL/FL或Nlrp3FL/FL)小鼠喂食高脂饮食26周或蛋氨酸/胆碱缺乏饮食6周。该研究最终结果显示XBP1的表达在NASH患者的肝脏样本中显着上调,可调节NASH的发展,XBP1抑制剂可预防脂肪性肝炎,从而可作为治疗NASH的潜在靶点。

熬夜的坏处人尽皆知,但在如今快节奏的生活中,很少有人能做到不熬夜,通过周末补觉缓解平时熬夜带来的危害也不失为一种解决办法。基于这项研究,我们了解了周末补觉对于缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的重要意义。因此,除了生活行为纠正、药物治疗和外科治疗外,针对NAFLD的治疗方法将不断取得新进展,为广大NAFLD患者带来新希望。

原始出处:

Qi Wang, Haoming Zhou, Qingfa Bu, et al. Role of XBP1 in regulating the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Journal of Hepatology. 2022 Mar 12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.031.

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    2022-03-23 gwc384

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