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AAN 2014:自身免疫性周围神经及肌病临床研究进展

2014-05-07 复旦大学附属华山医院神经科 陈向军 赵重波 医学论坛网

在自身免疫性周围神经病的治疗上,大会有两项临床试验方面的研究。Camdessanche报道其中一项评估口服激素与静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIg)治疗慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病(CIDP)一年后随访疗效及耐受性的多中心随机开放临床试验,比较剂量为0.8mg/kg强的松口服减量与每月总剂量为2g/kg的IVIg治疗CIDP患者6月,再随访6月后评估临床INCAT评分、恢复患者数量及治疗耐受性。结果

在自身免疫性周围神经病的治疗上,大会有两项临床试验方面的研究。Camdessanche报道其中一项评估口服激素与静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIg)治疗慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病(CIDP)一年后随访疗效及耐受性的多中心随机开放临床试验,比较剂量为0.8mg/kg强的松口服减量与每月总剂量为2g/kg的IVIg治疗CIDP患者6月,再随访6月后评估临床INCAT评分、恢复患者数量及治疗耐受性。


结果表明两者6月治疗期均有效安全,一年后两者疗效亦无显著差别,但IVIg似乎起效更快疗效更强,而激素治疗疗效更持久。另一项临床试验FORCIDP仅介绍研究设计,它是一项评估免疫调节剂Fingolimod(FTY720)治疗CIDP疗效、安全性与耐受性的双盲随机多中心安慰剂对照平行设计的临床试验,这项RCT的实施无疑将为CIDP免疫治疗提供一种新的选择。

轴索性GBS(也包括急性运动轴索病AMAN,急性运动感觉轴索病AMSAN)在北美人群中的发病及临床特点尚不清楚,Irfan通过回顾性分析一家美国中西部医院2008年~2012年的轴索性GBS患者临床表现与转归,认为在北美,与脱髓鞘性GBS相比,轴索性GBS较为罕见,临床起病快、病情重、病程长,恢复亦慢。而Ritter报道GBS患者中自主神经功能障碍是因患者机体产生针对交感神经元的自身抗体,影响去甲肾上腺素合成所致。

对常规免疫治疗无效的进展性CIDP患者如何治疗?Yalvac在CIDP动物模型自发性自身免疫性周围神经病小鼠(SAPP)上探索用表达血管活性肠肽(VIP)树突状细胞的慢病毒质粒单剂静脉注射治疗,结果发现SAPP小鼠临床表现、神经病理及电生理指标均有改善。这项研究结果为今后临床试验打下基础。

与手术相关的周围神经病以往常被认为是机械性损伤,Dyck等则根据这类周围神经病临床特点、神经病理以及对免疫治疗的反应提出炎性机制的观点。

胞质5'核苷酸酶1A(NT5C1A)抗体是近来在s-IBM中发现的自身抗体,敏感性为49-53%,特异性高达94-96%,一项研究比较抗体阳性和阴性s-IBM病人的临床特征,发现抗体阳性的病人起病年龄更早,吞咽困难更为多见。s-IBM属于CD8-MHC-I复合体阳性的炎性肌病,如何与其他炎性肌病鉴别有时非常困难。一项来自日本的研究表明肌纤维的p62免疫组化染色阳性具有重要的鉴别诊断价值。


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    2014-05-09 bluefate123
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