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Br J Anaesth:针刺麻醉的前世今生

2015-10-05 MedSci MedSci原创

在临床上,围术期针刺阵痛的历史可以追溯到1958年8月30号;在那一天,中国上海市第一人民医院的麻醉医生庄心良教授和一位五官科医生在没有使用任何麻醉药物的情况下,仅凭针刺技术完成了一例扁桃体切除术。此后,该技术即被命名为“针刺麻醉”,并于上世纪70年代广为流行。然而,之后有越来越多的麻醉医生意识到仅凭针刺并不能为外科手术提供充足的麻醉,但是其可以减少患者对麻醉药物的需求,“针刺辅助麻醉”也因此取代

在临床上,围术期针刺阵痛的历史可以追溯到1958年8月30号;在那一天,中国上海市第一人民医院的麻醉医生庄心良教授和一位五官科医生在没有使用任何麻醉药物的情况下,仅凭针刺技术完成了一例扁桃体切除术。此后,该技术即被命名为“针刺麻醉”,并于上世纪70年代广为流行。然而,之后有越来越多的麻醉医生意识到仅凭针刺并不能为外科手术提供充足的麻醉,但是其可以减少患者对麻醉药物的需求,“针刺辅助麻醉”也因此取代了“针刺麻醉”一词。

在当今,越来越多的来自临床试验以及更新的综述的证据表明,针刺在围术期用药中的作用已经超出了传统麻醉的范围,围术期针刺不仅可以减少麻醉药物及镇痛药物的使用,并且也有助于规避一些麻醉相关的并发症以及保护围术期重要器官的功能。这些有益的作用使得针刺成为围术期管理中一项极具前景的方法,特别是对于老年患者,“三低”患者等特殊手术人群。

针刺在围术期中的作用

围术期针刺可以为患者带来临床意义上的福利。尽管针刺并不能为手术提供充足的麻醉,亦不能使患者完全处于无意识状态,但是其能够减少麻醉与阵痛药物的使用,这对于减少术后恶心呕吐,血流动力学不稳定等并发症以及医疗费用都具有重要意义;此外,针刺可以增加术后的阵痛作用;并能够在围术期对重要器官的功能起到保护作用。

如何优化围术期针刺调节

首先,穴位和刺激模式可显著影响针刺的效果,在实施针刺前需对针刺位点进行精确的定位;此外,刺激穴位的技术亦是至关重要的,现已发展了多种刺激穴位的方法,并粗略的分为有创及无创两类,其中无创方法更易为患者所接受并且其出现感染及出血的风险较低;同时,基于中医理论,针刺起效的时间为15-30min,在未来仍需要进行更多的临床研究以优化针刺管理及刺激持续的时间。

综上,围术期针刺的有益作用无疑是具有重要临床意义的,特别是对于那些门诊手术患者,老年患者以及“三低”患者。在未来,仍需对针刺的潜在机制进行进一步的探索,这对于回答围术期针刺调节的许多问题亦是至关重要的。

原始出处:


Lu Z, Dong H, Wang Q, Xiong L.Perioperative acupuncture modulation: more than anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Aug;115(2):183-93

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    2016-09-15 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得拜读

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    2016-08-13 AspirantSuo
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    2015-12-24 zhuzhuba1

    0

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