重症美图：抗菌谱图解

Antibiotics Chart

抗菌谱图解

 Spectrum of antimicrobials  

Antimicrobial agents are some of the most widely, and often injudiciously, used therapeutic drugs worldwide.

Important considerations when prescribing antimicrobial therapy include

obtaining an accurate diagnosis of infection;

understanding the difference between empiric and definitive therapy;

identifying opportunities to switch to narrow-spectrum, cost-effective oral agents for the shortest duration necessary;

understanding drug characteristics that are peculiar to antimicrobial agents (such as pharmacodynamics and efficacy at the site of infection);

accounting for host characteristics that influence antimicrobial activity;

and in turn, recognizing the adverse effects of antimicrobial agents on the host.

It is also important to understand the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, to know when to consult infectious disease specialists for guidance, and to be able to identify situations when antimicrobial therapy is not needed.

By following these general principles, all practicing physicians should be able to use antimicrobial agents in a responsible manner that benefits both the individual patient and the community.

同时抗生素的耐药性已经成为最重要的公共卫生问题之一

现今被提到了极高的高度

2015年的第六十八届世界卫生大会发布的

《抗微生物药物耐药性全球行动计划》

2016年中国卫计委发布的

《遏制细菌耐药国家行动计划（2016-2020）》

中国科学院广州地球化学研究所的一项研究结果表明

2013年中国抗生素使用量惊人，一年使用16.2万吨抗生素，约占世界用量的一半，其中52%为兽用，48%为人用，超过5万吨抗生素被排放进入水土环境中。

中科院团队课题组对中国主要河流做了10年调查，统计了58个流域各类抗生素的使用量、排放量等，从污染地图颜色可以看到，广东、江苏、浙江、河北等经济相对较发达地区颜色较深，意味着是污染重灾区。

环境中抗生素的来源包括生活污水、医疗废水以及动物饲料和水产养殖废水排放等，而养殖业滥用抗生素是最主要来源。

引用来自 中国新闻网  2015年8月3日

再来一张美图

抗生素耐药

从 农场 到 餐桌

当我们在畜牧业里使用抗生素会发生什么？

1/5 的耐药性感染病例来自此途径

—— 食物和动物