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OCC 2020:聚焦降脂,寻找动脉粥样硬化诊疗新策略

2020-06-02 好医术 好医术

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院陆国平教授首先介绍了2019-2020动脉粥样硬化领域的各项研究,包括降低LDL-C的临床研究、调脂生物制剂的临床试验以及二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的临床研究等。

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院陆国平教授首先介绍了2019-2020动脉粥样硬化领域的各项研究,包括降低LDL-C的临床研究、调脂生物制剂的临床试验以及二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的临床研究等。

陆教授评价动脉粥样硬化引起缺血性卒中患者LDL-C<70mh/dl是获益的,关于PCSK9有非常好的前景,而EPA可以显著减少首次及总心血管事件,更多研究也在进行中,期待更多的结果。

中国医学科学院阜外医院顾东风院士,从流行病学研究角度分析了血脂与卒中的相关性,首先介绍了脑卒中及血脂异常流行情况,然后通过各种研究分析了血脂水平与脑卒中及其亚型关联,最后强调了血脂水平控制可以有效减少脑卒中发病率,预防重于治疗!
常谈常新,再论LDL-C目标值及安全性

来自首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院的赵冬教授和中国医学科学院阜外医院的李建军教授分别讲解了LDL-C在中国ASCVD中的一级与二级预防。

高LDL-C是已知的动脉粥样硬化和心血管事件风险,因此控制LDL-C水平在中国 ASCVD一级预防中的重要性不断提高清。由于大部分人群属于心血管疾病一级预防人群,因此在相关学术组织发布的指南中,一级预防人群LDL-C的目标值也有所调整。至于过低的LDL-C是否有安全性问题,也是病人和医生非常关心的问题,因此一级预防的目标值应该是多少与二级预防有所不同,更要平衡治疗费用与获益。

LDL-C目标值的在历史沿革中不断降低,目前各国针对极高危人群的LDL-C的目标值有所差异,那么LDL-C<55mg/dl是否过低?李建军教授认为目前没有明确证据证明有损害,所以在证据驱动下LDL-C目标值越来越低,现有降脂目标基于目前的血脂水平个体化管理,可能需要反复修订目标。在未来,是否会出现LDL-C目标值外的新靶点非常值得期待!

聚焦动脉斑块,寻找临床诊治新策略

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院的张瑞岩教授讲解了动脉粥样斑块的发生发展,强调LDL-C是动脉粥样硬化的关键因素,而斑块的体积性质与心脑血管事件相关。其中着重讲解了“易损斑块”的概念,易损斑块是具有血栓形成倾向或极有可能快速进展成为“罪犯斑块“的动脉粥样硬化斑块,引起心血管医师的高度重视。在治疗策略方面,以动脉粥样硬化斑块为靶点的他汀治疗策略,能够减少斑块体积,稳定斑块成分,长期他汀治疗降脂可以稳定、甚至逆转粥样硬化斑块的发展,减少心脑血管事件。 

上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院的卜军教授,为我们介绍亚临床动脉粥样硬化影像学评估。他形容斑块破裂就像火山爆发一样,而造影上的风险≠实际风险。动脉粥样硬化影像学评估,可分为声学成像(IVUS、VH-IVUS)和光学成像(OCT、NIRS、NIRAF)。卜教授分别介绍了各种方法在心血管事件风险评估的优势和局限性。心脏或血管解剖、功能、灌注及组织特征对心血管疾病的临床非常重要,并强调了“钙化病变”中影像评估的重要性。随着科技的进步,心血管影像学对于冠脉斑块的评估效果已经从宏观到微观,甚至可以达到和组织学类似评估效果,除了已经日渐成熟的上述方法,更多的方法正在试验中,值得期待。 

中南大学湘雅二医院彭道泉教授分享了超高危ASCVD患者的强化降脂策略。首先要了解斑块的形成过程,形成后如何逆转?彭教授介绍到,斑块越到晚期越难逆转,由于LDL-C的内皮下沉积是AS斑块形成的必备条件,而斑块的增减与斑块内凋亡细胞产生和清除(胞葬)之间的平衡相关。所以降低LDL-C可减少斑块内脂质和其诱导的炎症细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞清除处于优势则利于斑块逆转,因此不论他汀或非他汀治疗,LDL-C下降越低其斑块逆转越多。

解放军总医院第一医学中心的陈韵岱教授,从炎症角度细细讲解影像学探测动脉粥样硬化临床诊疗的价值。首先讲解动脉粥样硬化的炎症学说,之后分别介绍了PET/CT和PET/MRI、Coronary CTA和MR、血管腔内影像等影像学的新发展和应用,从动脉粥样硬化发生发展找到规律,从而进行危险分层,并预警高危人群。炎症的影像学探测在抗动脉粥样硬化药物的疗效评价中具有独特的特色,能够提供新型的证据,应该能在动脉粥样硬化诊疗中,尤其是药物研发中带来新的突破!陈教授还介绍了她们团队特色的多模态纳米探针技术,希望早日应用于临床! 

同济大学附属东方医院张奇教授提出疑问,钙化斑块是敌是友?原因是钙化与心血管事件风险相关;钙化部位、密度等因素的汇集可使动脉血管变为无顺应性或顺应性差的传导结构。然而钙化密度(>400HU)通常与斑块稳定性呈正相关,并且钙化可稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块。因此张奇教授强调冠脉钙化积分的重要性,它具有良好的检测价值,高于脂质积分。具有风险的患者,纳入钙化积分后的风险评估可更好预测冠心病和心血管事件。最后,仍然需要重视微小钙化(点状钙化),它是易损斑块中常见的伴随,,可导致局部组织应力及斑块不稳定性增加;当钙化存在于斑块薄纤维帽上时,可改变纤维帽张力,使后者倾向于破裂;发现存在微小钙化的斑块、减小斑块中微小钙化的成分,有望降低心血管不良事件的发生率。

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    2020-08-26 lovetcm

    #动脉粥样硬化##钙化#到底风险如何?当今FFR或Q-FFR指导下的#PCI#,即#支架##介入治疗#,是否确实更理想?进一步,对于#CABG#患者,#FFR#指导是否也具有价值?

    0

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    2020-06-01 zhaojie88
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    2020-06-01 hmwwww
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