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抗击AIDS 30年:存活率与机会性感染数据大盘点

2015-06-17 佚名 生物谷

尽管治疗方法的进步减少了艾滋病毒相关的机会性感染的死亡率,但是一份旧金山2万多名AIDS患者的数据分析表明,对于预防与治疗,我们还有足够的提升空间。从1997年至2012年间,旧金山仍有三分之一的AIDS病人在诊断为机会性感染后5年内死亡。 为检验HIV治疗的进步是否与典型的AIDS机会性疾病(AIDS-OIs)确诊后存活率的提高有相关性,以及各种AIDS-OIs疾病存活率是否存在差别,

尽管治疗方法的进步减少了艾滋病毒相关的机会性感染的死亡率,但是一份旧金山2万多名AIDS患者的数据分析表明,对于预防与治疗,我们还有足够的提升空间。从1997年至2012年间,旧金山仍有三分之一的AIDS病人在诊断为机会性感染后5年内死亡。

为检验HIV治疗的进步是否与典型的AIDS机会性疾病(AIDS-OIs)确诊后存活率的提高有相关性,以及各种AIDS-OIs疾病存活率是否存在差别,研究人员利用旧金山HIV监测数据进行了存活分析,将评估分成在AIDS-OIs诊断开始后的三个治疗阶段:无抗病毒药物阶段1981–1986;单个或双核苷药物治疗阶段1987–1996;高效抗病毒药物治疗阶段1997–2012。其中1997-2012艾滋病机会性感染的死亡率是用Cox比例风险模型确定的。

在20858位艾滋病病人中,诊断频率最高的AIDS-OI为卡氏肺囊虫病和卡波西肉瘤(20.1%)。五年存活率从1981–1986阶段的7%,至1987–1996阶段的18%,提高到1997–2012的65%。“剩余的那些诊断机会性疾病5年内死亡的那35%的人提醒我们,应对AIDS-OIs疾病的工作仍旧非常紧迫。即使是有抗逆转录病毒联合治疗的今天,我们仍需要更好的预防和诊断策略减轻机会性感染的负担,比如早期HIV诊断。”

研究人员发现,卡氏肺囊虫病,卡波西肉瘤,甚至免疫母细胞淋巴瘤的存活率都显着提升。虽然整体的存活率有所提升,但一些感染如进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML),感染相关癌症包括脑原发淋巴瘤等,直至今日仍有大量的死亡率。

美国疾病预防控制中心、本研究第一作者Kpandja Djawe说,虽然最近的研究表明在美国机会性感染已经不再那么常见和致命,我们也不能忘记这仍是个严重的问题。旧金山应该是AIDS机会性感染的死亡率下降的最好例子,是少数几个最早阶段发展有效的社区宣传和提供健康护理的城市。美国其他地区面临比旧金山更严峻的挑战。艾滋病的流行已经从东西海岸的特大城市传播到小城镇、中西部、南部和乡村。他们不得不面对护理经验不足,病人人种复杂的种种困难,辖区缺乏广泛的HIV检测排查资源也使感染病人难以尽早开始有效治疗。

总的来说,自从上世纪80年代早期HIV病毒被鉴定出来,我们已经取得了抗击HIV的可喜成果,旧金山的研究报告鼓舞人心,但机会性感染造成的灾难性疾病仍旧值得关注。



原始出处:


Masur H1, Read SW2.Opportunistic Infections and Mortality: Still Room for Improvement.J Infect Dis. 2015 Jun 3. pii: jiv236. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-07-18 wjywjy
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    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

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    2015-06-19 cooco

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