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马军教授:PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在淋巴瘤领域中前景无限

2018-09-28 佚名 ioncology

2018年9月19日-23日,第21届中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)学术年会在万众瞩目下于福建厦门市隆重召开,CSCO会议代表了国内肿瘤学领域的最高学术水平,故而众多专家大咖汇聚一堂,广泛而有深度的探讨肿瘤临床治疗及学术新进展。目前,免疫治疗在肿瘤领域可谓炙手可热,已然成为肿瘤治疗的一把“利剑”,而PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂作为免疫治疗的重要组成部分,在淋巴瘤领域正发挥着深远的影响。

2018年9月19日-23日,第21届中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)学术年会在万众瞩目下于福建厦门市隆重召开,CSCO会议代表了国内肿瘤学领域的最高学术水平,故而众多专家大咖汇聚一堂,广泛而有深度的探讨肿瘤临床治疗及学术新进展。目前,免疫治疗在肿瘤领域可谓炙手可热,已然成为肿瘤治疗的一把“利剑”,而PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂作为免疫治疗的重要组成部分,在淋巴瘤领域正发挥着深远的影响。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的优势患者人群

近5年来,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在血液肿瘤中疗效最佳的为霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)。国际上各大PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的药企均积极致力于复发/难治HL(R/R-HL)领域,研究数据显示:PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药治疗R/R-HL患者的客观缓解率(ORR)达80%~95%左右,且完全缓解率(CR)可达30%~45%。2017年,国内的信达、恒瑞公司等也开展了其PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在R/R-HL患者中的临床研究,结果显示:ORR高达90%以上,单药治疗的CR率达38%。因此,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在国外获批的第一个适应症即为复发/难治霍奇金淋巴瘤(R/R-HL)。在未来,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与其他新药的联合可能取代化疗在HL中的地位。

近年来,除了在R/R-HL领域中大放异彩之外,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在肺癌、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)等其他大瘤种疾病中亦显示出巨大前景。例如,虽然PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药在R/R-DLBCL中的ORR仅为10%左右,但联合R2方案等却在R/R-DLBCL患者中疗效良好,ORR可达50%以上。此外,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在NK-T细胞淋巴瘤中显示出意想不到的疗效,众所周知,NK-T细胞淋巴瘤是一种极为难治的淋巴瘤亚型,而香港的邝教授开展了一项研究,共纳入9例NK-T细胞淋巴瘤患者,采用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗后全部获得CR。另外,对于侵犯中枢神经系统的DLBCL患者而言,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂可透过血脑屏障进入颅内从而达到治疗效果,相关研究显示9例患者中,7例达CR,另2例达PR。

最后,需要指出的是,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合靶向药物、放化疗及其他药物代表了今后淋巴瘤治疗的方向之一。但就目前而言,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的最佳疗效人群仍为R/R-HL患者。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂对患者免疫功能的影响

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂对正常免疫功能亦存在影响,它·通过阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合、激活T细胞来实现肿瘤杀伤的效应。对于正常的免疫功能同样存在影响,因此PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂具有一定的副作用,例如对甲状腺、心肌及皮肤等多部位的损伤。值得注意的是,在应用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的同时,应尽量避免糖皮质激素及其他免疫抑制剂的应用,以免抑制T细胞的功能从而无法杀灭肿瘤细胞。此外,可通过联合应用IL-5、IL-7等来增强树突及T细胞的活性,从而最大限度的达到肿瘤杀伤的效应。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在血液肿瘤中具有更广阔的应用前景

目前,正在研究PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在血液肿瘤中更广阔的应用前景,例如PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合化疗是否能提升急性白血病(AL)的疗效,目前正在临床试验中,尚无结果公布。此外,在其他淋巴瘤亚型方面,例如NK-T细胞淋巴瘤、外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)等难治性、高侵袭性淋巴瘤中,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合现有的治疗,可能是今后治疗的重要方向。

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    2019-01-01 jklm09
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    2018-09-30 smartjoy
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