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Science:新型个体化癌症疫苗

2015-04-03 佚名 生物通

来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员报告称,他们的一项临床试验的早期数据表明,一些个体化的黑色素瘤疫苗可用来激起强有力的免疫反应对抗患者肿瘤中的独特突变。给予三位晚期黑色素瘤患者这些量身定制的疫苗,似乎提高了响应肿瘤的抗癌T细胞数量及多样性。这一研究结果将进一步地推动癌症免疫治疗——这种释放免疫系统来寻找和摧毁癌症的治疗策略相关研究论文发表在4月2日的Science杂志上。采用一种新方法开发癌症

来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员报告称,他们的一项临床试验的早期数据表明,一些个体化的黑色素瘤疫苗可用来激起强有力的免疫反应对抗患者肿瘤中的独特突变。

给予三位晚期黑色素瘤患者这些量身定制的疫苗,似乎提高了响应肿瘤的抗癌T细胞数量及多样性。这一研究结果将进一步地推动癌症免疫治疗——这种释放免疫系统来寻找和摧毁癌症的治疗策略相关研究论文发表在4月2日的Science杂志上。

采用一种新方法开发癌症疫苗,研究人员首先测序了患者肿瘤以及健康组织样本的基因组,以鉴别出肿瘤细胞独有的突变蛋白即肿瘤抗原。然后,利用计算机算法及实验室测试,研究人员可以预测并测试出哪些肿瘤抗原最有可能激发有力的免疫反应,可以被用来纳入到疫苗中。

研究人员将这些疫苗给予了那些接受手术切除肿瘤但癌细胞已扩散至淋巴结的黑色素瘤患者。这些临床研究结果为获得美国食品和药物管理局批准开展I期疫苗试验创造了条件。这项试验将招募6名患者。

这篇Science论文报道了前三位患者免疫反应的相关数据。如果在更多患者中进行测试的结果证实疫苗是有效的,它们或许有一天会被拿来给予手术后的患者,刺激他们的免疫系统攻击残留的癌细胞及防止癌症复发。

论文的资深作者、华盛顿大学医学肿瘤学家Gerald Linette博士说:“这一原理证明研究证实了,这些特别定制的疫苗可以激发非常强有力的免疫反应。我们插入到疫苗中的肿瘤抗原激起了负责破坏肿瘤的免疫系统杀伤性T细胞的广泛反应。尽管我们得到的还只是初期的结果,但我们认为鉴于T细胞反应的宽度和显著多样性这些疫苗具有治疗潜力。”

研究人员谨慎地表示,现在说疫苗是否长期有效还为时太早。这项研究旨在评估安全性和免疫反应;确实没有一个患者有不良反应。

早期的癌症疫苗尝试都是将焦点放在靶向特定癌症中通常以高水平表达的正常蛋白上。这些蛋白同样存在于健康细胞中,使得它难以激发有力的免疫应答。
华盛顿大学调查了一种结合癌症基因组学与癌症免疫学的新方法。

论文的共同作者、华盛顿大学McDonnell癌症研究所联合主任Elaine Mardis博士说:“这是一种个体化疫苗。我们描述的这种方法完全不同于传统的突变发现方法,后者是将焦点放在鉴别驱动癌症形成的突变基因上。我们转而寻找了患者肿瘤中最有可能被免疫系统识别为外源物的、一组独特的突变蛋白。”

恶名昭彰的黑色素瘤具有大量因暴露于紫外线下引起的遗传突变。黑色素瘤的活检样本通常都携带有500个以上的突变基因。利用预测算法,研究人员鉴别了不仅在患者肿瘤中表达,还可能被患者的免疫系统识别为“非自我”物质的肿瘤抗原,由此缩小了他们搜索的疫苗候选物。

研究人员与俄克拉荷马大学健康科学中心的William Hildebrand研究小组合作,对癌细胞表面的肿瘤抗原肽表达情况进行了生物化学验证,提供了重要的证据确定疫苗可以引起最有效的T细胞对抗黑色素瘤。

论文的第一作者、医学副教授Beatriz Carreno博士说:“你可以将肿瘤抗原视作是每个癌细胞上的一面旗帜。每个患者的黑色素瘤可以有成百上千不同的旗帜。作为候选疫苗肿瘤抗原验证工作的一个组成部分,我们鉴别出了患者癌细胞上的这些旗帜。然后我们生成了定制疫苗来针对每位患者肿瘤上一组选择的旗帜。”

Carreno和同事们为每个疫苗选择了7个独特的肿瘤抗原,并利用了来自患者的专门免疫细胞——树突状细胞,将这些肿瘤抗原带到免疫系统处。树突状细胞在唤醒免疫系统,提醒T细胞攻击癌症中发挥重要的作用。

在注射疫苗后,患者在大约4个月的时间内每个星期抽一次血。通过分析血液样本,研究人员可以看到每位患者都对疫苗中特异的肿瘤抗原启动了免疫反应。这些疫苗还刺激了各种做好战斗准备的T细胞克隆对抗肿瘤抗原,表明可以利用这种方法来激活众多的T细胞,让它们靶向具有高突变率的其他癌症,例如肺癌、膀胱癌和某些大肠癌中的突变。

Linette说:“我们研究小组开发了一种新策略来实现个体化癌症治疗。许多研究人员猜测它有可能利用了肿瘤抗原广泛地激活人类免疫系统,但直到现在我们都还不能确定。我们仍然有很多的工作要做,但这无疑是重要的第一步,它为基于免疫的个体化癌症治疗开启了大门。”

原始出处:

Beatriz M. Carreno1,*, Vincent Magrini2, Michelle Becker-Hapak1, Saghar Kaabinejadian3, Jasreet Hundal2, Allegra A. Petti2, Amy Ly2, Wen-Rong Lie4, William H. Hildebrand3, Elaine R. Mardis2, Gerald P. Linette1. A dendritic cell vaccine increases the breadth and diversity of melanoma neoantigen-specific T cells. Science.Aprile 2, 2015; Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3828

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    2015-05-24 ljjj1053

    不错,学习了

    0

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    2015-04-05 jichang
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    2015-04-05 Jay+Chou

    筛选抗原是重点

    0

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    2015-04-05 chaie1217

    贵不?

    0

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    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    值得学习

    0

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    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    值得学习

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24727, encodeId=31c024e27df, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Sun May 24 12:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375019, encodeId=ae5413e5019f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 04:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1435299, encodeId=c603143529994, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a5c212e88f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#个体化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21278, encryptionId=9a5c212e88f, topicName=个体化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 04:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19471, encodeId=76b7194e1cf, content=筛选抗原是重点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51620496, createdName=Jay+Chou, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 00:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19466, encodeId=e8a919466ab, content=贵不?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dee91604819, createdName=chaie1217, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 00:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19329, encodeId=07ee193292b, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 09:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19330, encodeId=551b193303d, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 09:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19331, encodeId=5658193314f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 09:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-04 清氺訫

    值得学习

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