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Crit Care Med:类固醇辅助治疗细菌性脑膜炎 应警惕迟发性脑损伤?

2018-05-28 石岩 环球医学

细菌性脑膜炎可导致严重的神经功能缺陷和死亡。脑梗死在肺炎球菌脑膜炎患者中特别常见,且在疾病的头几天内就会出现。 美国传染病协会和欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会指南都建议使用抗菌药的同时辅助类固醇治疗。然而,在广泛实施辅助类固醇治疗后,曾有少数患者报道发生了迟发性脑损伤(DCI)事件。

细菌性脑膜炎可导致严重的神经功能缺陷和死亡。脑梗死在肺炎球菌脑膜炎患者中特别常见,且在疾病的头几天内就会出现。 美国传染病协会和欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会指南都建议使用抗菌药的同时辅助类固醇治疗。然而,在广泛实施辅助类固醇治疗后,曾有少数患者报道发生了迟发性脑损伤(DCI)事件。

辅助类固醇治疗真的与细菌性脑膜炎成年患者发生DCI有关?为了解开这一疑惑,美国科学家进行了一项回顾性分析,报道了细菌性脑膜炎成年患者DCI的患病率,并探讨其与辅助类固醇的相关性。研究结果发表于2018年5月的《Crit Care Med》的杂志上。

研究人员从大休斯敦地区的10家医院中招募2005~2016年细菌培养证实为社区获得性细菌性脑膜炎的连续成年患者,并按照4小时内接受或不接受辅助类固醇将他们分组。

总共纳入120例社区获得性细菌性脑膜炎患者。

5/120例患者(4.1%)发生DCI,所有5例患者都具有发热合并神经检查异常。

发生DCI的患者更可能4小时内使用辅助类固醇(5/5,100% vs 43/115,37.5%;P=0.01)。

发生DCI的患者中,3例具有肺炎链球菌分离菌株,1例耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,1例单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。4/5例患者(80%)具有格拉斯哥结局量表定义的不良临床结局。

研究表明,4.1%的细菌性脑膜炎成年患者发生迟发性脑损伤,其与辅助类固醇的使用相关。

本项回顾性研究的结果与此前荷兰研究小组进行的一项病例系列研究结果相似。研究人员发现120名患者中有5名接受了辅助类固醇并发生DCI,且最常见的致病生物体是肺炎链球菌。

虽然长期以来细菌性脑膜炎与脑血管并发症有关,甚至在广泛使用辅助类固醇之前,许多事件归因于潜在的血管炎,但对这些患者的部分研究却未得到炎症相关证据,这使得DCI的确切机制尚未完全阐明。

在诸多猜测中,DCI可能的机制包括血管痉挛、停用类固醇后原发性炎性反应的反弹效应、持续的促炎性反应,以及凝血级联改变导致组织因子/因子VII途径激活。另一种可能是地塞米松可能只是延迟了血管炎相关的脑梗死。

将来的研究应着重探讨DCI这一严重并发症的病原学和预防手段。

原始出处:

Gallegos, Cinthia, Tobowlosky, Farrell, Nigo, Masayuki, et.al. Delayed Cerebral Injury in Adults With Bacterial Meningitis: A Novel Complication of Adjunctive Steroids? Critical Care Medicine: May 9, 2018 - Volume Online First - Issue - p doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003220

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    2018-05-28 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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