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该吃药了,儿童用药时间有讲究!

2016-11-05 丁磊 郑锋 复旦儿科药学

在儿科处方调配时,最常遇到家长们的提问可能就是“这药什么时候吃?”、“饭前还是饭后?”其实,家长们的疑惑很有必要,为了使药物发挥理想的疗效,除了对症用药并选择合适的剂型外,正确的给药时间亦很有讲究。药究竟饭前还是饭后服,取决于药物作用机制、对胃肠道的刺激,以及食物对药物吸收的影响。有些药应饭后,有些应饭前,有些则是随餐服;另外,对某些特殊的药物,为使体内浓度恒定,发挥确切的疗效,降低毒副作用,则需

在儿科处方调配时,最常遇到家长们的提问可能就是“这药什么时候吃?”、“饭前还是饭后?”其实,家长们的疑惑很有必要,为了使药物发挥理想的疗效,除了对症用药并选择合适的剂型外,正确的给药时间亦很有讲究。


药究竟饭前还是饭后服,取决于药物作用机制、对胃肠道的刺激,以及食物对药物吸收的影响。有些药应饭后,有些应饭前,有些则是随餐服;另外,对某些特殊的药物,为使体内浓度恒定,发挥确切的疗效,降低毒副作用,则需按要求的间隔时间服用。


下面介绍一些儿童常用药物的服用时间和注意事项,供参考:


一、“一日三次”≠“一天三餐”


 “一日三次”的正确理解,应当是每隔8小时服药1次,这样间隔时间相同,可使体内血药浓度在一天24小时之内都保持相对平稳,既可减少过量带来的药物不良反应,也可取得较好的疗效,对服用抗菌药物,如头孢类尤其如此。但严格遵循服药时间间隔,也许会与日常作息时间产生冲突,夜间起床服药显然会比较困难。我们可以根据药物特点和实际生活情况,合理调整服药时间。


二、饭前或饭后,这是一个问题


注明“饭前”(或空腹)服用,多是因为食物会影响药物的作用或吸收。一般饭前指的是在饭前半小时至1小时。


如:胃黏膜、肠粘膜保护剂,服此类药物后药物会分散并在消化道形成一层保护膜,与食物同时服或饭后服,药物会与食物混合而起不到应有的作用。如硫糖铝用于保护胃粘膜、或蒙脱石用于腹泻,应该在饭前半小时服用。


注明“饭后”(或餐时)服用,多是因为此类药物对消化道有刺激,食物或可减轻不适,有时则因为食物中的脂类物质能促进药物吸收。

如:鱼肝油(维生素A、D)等脂溶性药物,因为脂溶性药物可溶解于食物中的脂肪内,饭后服用,更容易吸收,从而提高药物的生物利用率。



三、生理活动也有昼夜节律,注意时辰用药


机体内各种生理活动呈现有规律的周期性变化,这种变化的节律称为生物节律。以日为周期的称为昼夜节律。


晨起顿服:


需要进行大剂量冲击的激素类药物,如强的松等适宜晨服,因为人体皮质激素的分泌高峰出现在早晨7-8点,此时服用,可避免激素分泌的反射性抑制作用,降低不良反应风险。


睡前服用:


是指在临睡前30分钟服用药物,适合睡前服用的药物包括抗过敏药物、多数平喘药等。睡前服用抗过敏药物,可以减轻副作用,利于药物吸收,发挥药效。多数哮喘用药以临睡前服用最佳,因为凌晨0-2点是哮喘病人对乙酰胆碱和组胺反应等最敏感的时间,也是哮喘易发时间。

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    2016-11-10 大爰

    新知识,新理论,学习了!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154768, encodeId=ff52154e682d, content=新知识,新理论,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400180, encodeId=78be1400180b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af682835250' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28352, encryptionId=af682835250, topicName=儿童用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eo25Ewq8pGtlWFWrJEI4BwA9B2LwVP2icRNtohzkeD4ZbShvMUeMAVf85vOT24ZrMrDIW96WA9ePTA/132, createdBy=ccf02252408, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 14:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154046, encodeId=cff215404621, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 09:34:58 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153926, encodeId=9c7715392641, content=学习实践总结提高!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 06:19:27 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153793, encodeId=ab3b153e93e2, content=学习新知识,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 11:03:26 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-07 howi
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154768, encodeId=ff52154e682d, content=新知识,新理论,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400180, encodeId=78be1400180b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af682835250' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28352, encryptionId=af682835250, topicName=儿童用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eo25Ewq8pGtlWFWrJEI4BwA9B2LwVP2icRNtohzkeD4ZbShvMUeMAVf85vOT24ZrMrDIW96WA9ePTA/132, createdBy=ccf02252408, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 14:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154046, encodeId=cff215404621, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 09:34:58 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153926, encodeId=9c7715392641, content=学习实践总结提高!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 06:19:27 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153793, encodeId=ab3b153e93e2, content=学习新知识,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 11:03:26 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-07 李东泽

    这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154768, encodeId=ff52154e682d, content=新知识,新理论,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400180, encodeId=78be1400180b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af682835250' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28352, encryptionId=af682835250, topicName=儿童用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eo25Ewq8pGtlWFWrJEI4BwA9B2LwVP2icRNtohzkeD4ZbShvMUeMAVf85vOT24ZrMrDIW96WA9ePTA/132, createdBy=ccf02252408, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 14:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154046, encodeId=cff215404621, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 09:34:58 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153926, encodeId=9c7715392641, content=学习实践总结提高!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 06:19:27 CST 2016, time=2016-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153793, encodeId=ab3b153e93e2, content=学习新知识,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 11:03:26 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-07 行好

    学习实践总结提高!

    0

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    2016-11-06 刘煜

    学习新知识,谢谢分享。

    0

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儿童是一个特殊的群体,并非缩小版的成人,其用药种类、剂量与成人有很大区别。据我国第6次人口普查结果显示,我国0-14岁儿童超过2.2亿人,约占人口总数的16.6%,但中国目前的现状是:儿科专用药剂数量只占不到10%。在儿科制剂如此缺乏的情况下,如何才能避免儿童用药中的常见误区?湖南省儿童医院赵昕老师为我们做了详细的解答。抗菌药物的应用  抗菌药物的合理运用一直是备受关注的热点。儿科医生应该针对

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2016年安全用药月启动仪式现场你知道那群表演“千手观音”的18位聋哑女孩,都是因为药物致聋的吗?青少年正处于成长发育期,各个器官尚未发育成熟、免疫机制亦不健全,对药物的吸收、代谢、排泄等大都与成人不同,更容易受到药品不良反应的损害。有些损害甚至是终生的。9月1日上午,安徽省食药监局举行2016年安全用药月启动仪式。对此,安徽食药监专家指出,以下四大类药物儿童应慎用或禁用,并将儿童与青少年用药常识

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新生儿用药相关知识点项目内容     新生儿药动学特点及用药特点吸收(1)主要在胃内吸收的药物吸收较完全,而主要在十二指肠吸收的药物吸收减少。 如口服氨苄西林吸收迅速而完全。(2)非特殊情况一般新生儿不采用皮下或肌内注射。 静脉输液量不能大,输液速度不能过快。(3)皮肤对外部用药吸收快而多,谨慎使用皮炎激素软膏(新生儿大面积使用可引起全身性水肿)

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继全国多地医院发出儿科急诊停诊通告后,近日,福建省立医院南院(福建省立金山医院)儿科也发出“儿科急诊停诊通告”。  随后,在6月1日,国家卫计委送出珍贵的“儿童节礼物”,正式公布了《首批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单》,有32个品种被列入,给儿童药研发的政策支持继续加码。  5月30日,新浪微博用户@皮肤科医生林小清在微博中发布信息,称“儿科荒已经到达福建省立医院了”,并附上儿科停诊通告。大家纷纷发表感

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8月31日,国家食品药品监督管理总局在其官网上,发布了修改茵栀黄注射液说明书的公告,在禁忌项下标注“新生儿、婴幼儿禁用”!这已经足够引发各位粑粑麻麻的关注了,因为茵栀黄是最常用的新生儿退黄疸用药。茵栀黄注射液相关案例事实上,数年前网上就有关于茵栀黄注射液的新闻出现:2008年10月19日上午,卫生部召开紧急电视电话会议,通报了陕西省延安市志丹县医院因使用山西太行药业股份有限公司生产的茵栀黄注射液(

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