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从《我不是药神》看国产仿制药十年政策演变

2018-07-04 康玥(整理) 健康界

近日,由徐峥主演的电影《我不是药神》在各大影院上映,仿制药随之成为热门话题被推上风口浪尖。故事开始的原因直白简单,透露着赤裸裸的欲望。有人要赚钱,有人想活命;一个愿打,一个愿挨。如它的英文名字:Dying to survive。“现在有药吃了,我可以听到宝宝叫我爸爸了,是吗?”剧中患者吕受益对程勇说。仿制药对于以药续命的患者无疑是枯木逢春。电影感人至深,现实生活中救命药一药难求的局面也在悄然

近日,由徐峥主演的电影《我不是药神》在各大影院上映,仿制药随之成为热门话题被推上风口浪尖。

故事开始的原因直白简单,透露着赤裸裸的欲望。有人要赚钱,有人想活命;一个愿打,一个愿挨。如它的英文名字:Dying to survive。“现在有药吃了,我可以听到宝宝叫我爸爸了,是吗?”剧中患者吕受益对程勇说。仿制药对于以药续命的患者无疑是枯木逢春。电影感人至深,现实生活中救命药一药难求的局面也在悄然改变。近年来,相关政府部门为提高仿制药质量和疗效,保证百姓用药安全,推进实施了一系列政策。

2008年3月,国务院办公厅发布《全国整顿和规范药品市场秩序专项行动方案的通知》,要求严格审评审批化学药品注射剂、中药注射剂和多组分生化注射剂等三类品种的注册申请,加强对原辅料合法来源、说明书和标签内容、改变剂型和增加规格的合理性以及仿制药申请的质量可控性等要素的技术审查。

2012年2月,《国家药品安全“十二五”规划》提出,要全面提高仿制药质量。对2007年修订的《药品注册管理办法》施行前批准的仿制药,分期分批与被仿制药进行质量一致性评价,其中纳入国家基本药物目录、临床常用的仿制药在2015年前完成,未通过质量一致性评价的不予再注册,注销其药品批准证明文件。药品生产企业必须按《药品注册管理办法》要求,将其生产的仿制药与被仿制药进行全面对比研究,作为申报再注册的依据。

2013年2月,《国务院办公厅关于巩固完善基本药物制度和基层运行新机制的意见》要求,基本药物采购要遵循质量优先、价格合理的原则。优先采购达到国际水平的仿制药,激励企业提高基本药物质量。

2015年8月,《国务院关于改革药品医疗器械审评审批制度的意见》确定了要提高仿制药质量的目标。要求加快仿制药质量一致性评价,力争2018年底前完成国家基本药物口服制剂与参比制剂质量一致性评价。

2016年3月,国务院办公厅印发《关于开展仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价的意见》,对已批准上市的仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价工作作出部署。要求化学药品新注册分类实施前批准上市的仿制药,凡未按照与原研药品质量和疗效一致原则审批的,均须开展一致性评价。强调药品生产企业是一致性评价工作的主体,应主动选购参比制剂开展相关研究,确保药品质量和疗效与参比制剂一致。

国内药品生产企业已在欧盟、美国和日本获准上市的仿制药,可以国外注册申报的相关资料为基础,按照化学药品新注册分类申报药品上市,批准上市后视同通过一致性评价;在中国境内用同一生产线生产上市并在欧盟、美国和日本获准上市的药品,视同通过一致性评价。

提出多项政策措施鼓励企业开展一致性评价工作。通过一致性评价的药品品种,由食品药品监管总局向社会公布。药品生产企业可在药品说明书、标签中予以标注;开展药品上市许可持有人制度试点区域的企业,可以申报作为该品种药品的上市许可持有人,委托其他药品生产企业生产,并承担上市后的相关法律责任。

通过一致性评价的药品品种,在医保支付方面予以适当支持,医疗机构应优先采购并在临床中优先选用。同品种药品通过一致性评价的生产企业达到3家以上的,在药品集中采购等方面不再选用未通过一致性评价的品种。通过一致性评价药品生产企业的技术改造,在符合条件的情况下,可以申请中央基建投资、产业基金等资金支持。

2016年5月,保障药品和优质原料供应,提高药品供应保障能力,扩大定点生产试点品种范围,支持建设小品种生产基地,加快重大疾病治疗用新药、临床急需的仿制药、生物类似药和中药新药的开发,积极研发儿童适宜品种和剂型写入《国务院办公厅关于开展消费品工业“三品”专项行动营造良好市场环境的若干意见主要任务》。

2017年2月,国务院办公厅印发《关于中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017-2025年)的通知》,要求做好专利到期药物的仿制和生产,优先选用通过一致性评价的慢性病防治仿制药,对于国内尚不能仿制的,积极通过药品价格谈判等方法,合理降低采购价格。由国务院医改办负责制定改革完善仿制药管理政策的指导性文件,在2017年10月底前完成。

2018年4月,《国务院办公厅关于改革完善仿制药供应保障及使用政策的意见》正式出台,提出:

一、要突出问题导向,提升仿制药质量疗效。1.加快推进仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价工作,细化落实鼓励企业开展一致性评价的政策措施。2.提高药用原辅料和包装材料质量,开展相关标准制修订,加强研发,突破提纯、质量控制等关键技术。3.提高工艺制造水平,推动解决制约产品质量的瓶颈问题。4.深化药品审评审批制度改革,优化审评审批流程。完善注册申请标准,提高仿制药质量安全水平和上市审评审批效率。5.加强药品质量监管,加快建立覆盖仿制药全生命周期的质量管理和质量追溯制度,严肃查处数据造假、偷工减料、掺杂使假等违法违规行为。

二、要完善支持政策,推动高质量仿制药尽快进入临床使用。1.及时将仿制药纳入采购目录,启动采购程序,促进质量和疗效一致的仿制药与原研药平等竞争。2.将质量和疗效一致的仿制药纳入与原研药可相互替代药品目录,在说明书、标签中予以标注,强化药师在药品调配中的作用。3.加快制定医保药品支付标准,与原研药质量和疗效一致的仿制药和原研药按相同标准支付,促进仿制药替代使用。4.明确药品专利实施强制许可路径,依法分类实施药品专利强制许可,鼓励专利权人自愿许可,必要时国家实施强制许可。5.落实税收优惠政策和价格政策,鼓励地方结合实际出台支持仿制药转型升级的政策措施。6.加快药品研发、注册、上市销售的国际化步伐,支持企业开展国际产能合作,建立跨境研发合作平台,推动仿制药产业国际化。

“今后都会越来越好吧,希望这一天早点来。”影片末尾程勇这样说。截止目前,国家药监部门已经公布四批45个品规通过一致性评价的仿制药品,患者因大病费用昂贵吃不起药的情况有所改观。

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    2019-01-04 oliver181
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    2018-07-06 bioon3
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    2018-07-06 drwjr
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745852, encodeId=b09b1e4585223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34a5666451b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#演变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66645, encryptionId=34a5666451b, topicName=演变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96a135615295, createdName=oliver181, createdTime=Fri Jan 04 19:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056045, encodeId=1caf20560456e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=161e5410576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#我不是药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54105, encryptionId=161e5410576, topicName=我不是药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Apr 04 18:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1260354, encodeId=fcac12603546c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1ed65e476b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#政策#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57476, encryptionId=1ed65e476b8, topicName=政策)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 09:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1261418, encodeId=539e126141870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b56025592eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#仿制药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25592, encryptionId=b56025592eb, topicName=仿制药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 09:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528021, encodeId=1fd2152802166, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=36848e9450d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87945, encryptionId=36848e9450d, topicName=药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d5611876990, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 09:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-06 qingting
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