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Cell:血管紧张素受体——瞄准人类健康的隐形杀手

2015-04-28 佚名 生物通

每三个美国人中就有一人罹患高血压,这一人类健康的隐形杀手可以导致冠心病、心力衰竭和中风等疾病。利用一种先进的X-射线分析技术,由来自美国、德国的科学家组成的一个研究小组,揭示出了人体中最重要的血压调控因子——血管紧张素受体AT1R的分子结构。他们的研究结果发表在4月23日的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。南加州大学Dornsife文理学院首席研究员及教授Vadim Cherezov说,这项研究工作有可

每三个美国人中就有一人罹患高血压,这一人类健康的隐形杀手可以导致冠心病、心力衰竭和中风等疾病。利用一种先进的X-射线分析技术,由来自美国、德国的科学家组成的一个研究小组,揭示出了人体中最重要的血压调控因子——血管紧张素受体AT1R的分子结构。他们的研究结果发表在4月23日的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。



南加州大学Dornsife文理学院首席研究员及教授Vadim Cherezov说,这项研究工作有可能促使快速开发出副作用更小的新药物。

当被血管紧张素激活时,血管紧张素受体AT1R会触动细胞内的两条主要信号通路。一条信号通路由G蛋白(这一蛋白家族起开关作用,可传送信号通过细胞膜)介导,可引起血管收缩导致血压升高。另一条信号通路由抑制蛋白(arrestin)介导,可带来许多的有益影响。

医生经常会开给病人一些血管紧张素受体阻断剂,这些药物关闭了两条信号通路,因此在阻止血管收缩的同时也会导致一些副作用,例如头晕、头痛、嗜睡和血钾水平升高等。

Cherezov说:“这就像用木板来打苍蝇。尽管它确实起作用——但如果能用更精细的方法只阻断G蛋白信号通路,而使另一条信号通路保持活性,或许可以在生成阳性反应的同时避免大量的副作用。为此,你需要准确地了解药物样分子结合这一受体的机制和位置,以及它们造成了什么构象改变。”

研究人员构建出了这一受体与一种血管紧张素受体阻断剂的复合物的晶体。随后,他们借助世界上最强大的X-射线激光器,用强至可以生成衍射图形的能量闪光击中了晶体。通过解读这些衍射图形,科学家们以0.29纳米的分辨率拼合出了AT1R受体的结构——在原子尺度上显示出了药物分子确切的结合位置。

研究的共同作者、德国电子同步辐射装置(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)自由电子激光科学中心的Cornelius Gati说:“尽管它与医学相关,直到现在这一受体的结构才为人所知。这些数据显示了结合口袋的精确结构,以及与结合的高血压药物之间的互作。它提供了有关作用模式的一些新见解,并将推动开发出新药。”

科学家们说,希望确切地了解这一分子受体的结构可以帮助设计出副作用更小的定制降血压药。“我们的研究工作朝着这一方向迈出了第一步,”Cherezov说。接下来他打算继续研究这一受体以及另一个密切相关的受体。

原始出处:

Haitao Zhang ,Hamiyet Unal,Cornelius Gati,Gye Won Han,et al.Structure of the Angiotensin Receptor Revealed by Serial Femtosecond Crystallography.Cell 

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    2016-01-19 维他命
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    2015-05-01 hbwang006

    相关研究应该了解

    0

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