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我国脊柱侧弯发病率约为2% 患者治疗不及时增加死亡率

2016-05-23 詹远 家庭医生在线

据了解,对我国全国各地包括北京、天津、广东等城市的调查显示,脊柱侧弯的患病率大概在1.5%~2%左右。也就是说,大概每50个人就可能有1个人是脊柱侧弯患者。

随着人们健康意识的逐渐增强,对脊柱健康及脊柱疾病日渐关注,而脊柱侧弯也成为关注的焦点之一。据了解,对我国全国各地包括北京、天津、广东等城市的调查显示,脊柱侧弯的患病率大概在1.5%~2%左右。也就是说,大概每50个人就可能有1个人是脊柱侧弯患者。在世界脊柱健康日来临之际,南方医科大学南方医院脊柱骨科副主任蒋晖副主任医师将与广大网友一同了解脊柱侧弯到底是一个怎么样的疾病。


南方医科大学南方医院脊柱骨科副主任 蒋晖副主任医师

脊柱畸形角度大于10°可判定为脊柱侧弯

脊柱侧弯最早在公元前5世纪由Hippocrates描述,正常人脊柱的背面观从枕骨中点,即枕外隆突至骶骨中线是直的,如果脊柱一个或多个节段偏离中线向侧方弯曲,即所谓的脊柱侧弯,通常伴有脊柱的旋转或矢状面的前凸、后凸增加或减少,是一种三维畸形。

目前,检测脊柱侧弯的严重程度通常用Cobb角来进行测量。蒋晖副主任表示,国际脊柱侧凸研究学会(SRS)规定,应用Cobb法测量站立位脊柱正位X线的脊柱弯曲,角度大于10°称为脊柱侧弯(侧凸)。

未经治疗的青壮年患者 比普通人群死亡率高2倍

严重脊柱侧弯对人体的影响具大。多数脊柱侧弯患者,特别是幼儿和青少年脊柱侧弯患者,处于脊柱快速生长时期,如缺少有效的治疗,其侧弯角度会逐渐加重,导致躯干、胸廓变形,严重者可致脊髓和脊神经损伤,同时还会出现呼吸系统及心脏功能障碍,如限制性通气功能障碍及小气道功能异常,临床出现反复多次肺内感染,冬季更为严重,有时合并心脏受压出现心慌,气急,患者不能走路、跑步及上楼,影响日常的生活。

蒋晖副主任表示,未经治疗的脊柱侧弯患者,其中83%有后背痛现象;在青壮年期死亡率是普通人群两倍,多死于呼吸、心力衰竭。此外,多数患者由于躯体畸形会导致心理上的问题,以及求学率、就业率、结婚率低等社会问题。

脊柱侧弯的种类繁多 特发性脊柱侧弯占80%

蒋晖副主任向家庭医生在线编辑表示,引起脊柱侧凸的原因很多,不同原因引起不同类型的脊柱侧弯,可分为特发性脊柱侧弯、先天性脊柱侧弯、神经肌肉型脊柱侧弯,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧弯等等,其中特发性脊柱侧弯占80%。

特发性脊柱侧弯多见于儿童及青少年,女性更为常见,其发病机制具体不明。蒋晖副主任补充说道,国外有学者研究认为特发性脊柱侧弯具有一定的遗传性,并认为是显性遗传或多基因遗传。另外,影响脊柱侧弯发生和进展的因素还有激素遗产、生长发育不对称、神经内分泌系统异常、结缔组织发育异常等。

先天性脊柱侧弯多由于脊柱发育障碍所致,这类侧弯从幼儿就开始发病,可分为椎体形成障碍型、椎体分节不良型、混合型。

神经肌肉型脊柱侧弯则是与神经源性或肌源性疾病有关,例如:脑瘫、脊髓空洞、脊髓肿瘤或外伤;肌营养不良等等。

神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧弯与NF-1神经纤维瘤病有关,具有高度遗传性,特点是皮肤有6个以上的咖啡斑。

脊柱侧弯矫形仍然是一种高难度、高风险的手术

脊柱侧弯的手术治疗,无论是医生还是患者都一直被关注。国内进行脊柱侧弯的手术治疗开始于80年代初,由于医疗条件和技术的限制,脊柱侧弯矫正手术出现了不少并发症。到了90年代中期,随着三维矫正技术和理论,以及现代影像学技术的进步,脊柱侧弯的矫正技术有了较大的提高,效果也有了较大的提高。

近20多年来,脊柱畸形已成为脊柱外科研究最热点的领域,脊柱侧弯矫正率及安全性得到很大的提高,脊柱侧弯矫形手术在国内很多大医院广泛开展。

蒋晖副主任强调,虽然脊柱侧弯矫形的技术已是日新月异,但它仍然是一种高难度、高风险的手术,被誉为脊柱外科皇冠上的明珠,手术疗效及安全性与医生的丰富专业经验、医院硬件设备、以及科室间的合作息息相关。

在进行脊柱侧弯治疗时,应注意选择正规的医疗机构和经验丰富的专业医生。“脊柱侧弯手术是技术要求高、风险大的手术,而且难以‘返工’,是‘一锤子买卖’。”因此,蒋晖副主任建议,患者应该跟医生或你生活圈子中熟识脊柱侧弯医生的人多了解一些信息,选择的医生应该有丰富的治疗脊柱侧弯的临床经验,同时应该是被相关机构认证的专业医师,以保证治疗的效果和安全性。

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    2016-09-17 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章

    0

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    2016-08-31 ylzr123

    好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-05-25 gous
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    2016-05-23 QQda5e99cf

    (^з^)减肥是必要的

    0

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    2016-05-23 WEIXIN82f774b2

    关注健康

    0

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