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赵军医生:记多科室协作成功抢救凶险性前置胎盘产妇术中大出血并保留子宫1例

2015-01-04 赵军 新青年麻醉论坛

麻醉医生-----无影灯下的幕后英雄 记多科室协作成功抢救凶险性前置胎盘产妇术中大出血并保留子宫1例  导言:手术室内,麻醉医生的主要职责是为围术期患者提供全方位的安全、舒适保障,并不只是打一针这么简单。而这,也只是麻醉工作的一部分。现代医学飞速发展,作为麻醉医生,我们的路,才刚刚开始。  短短十几秒钟,失血量竞超过1000m

麻醉医生-----无影灯下的幕后英雄

记多科室协作成功抢救凶险性前置胎盘产妇术中大出血并保留子宫1例 


导言:手术室内,麻醉医生的主要职责是为围术期患者提供全方位的安全、舒适保障,并不只是打一针这么简单。而这,也只是麻醉工作的一部分。现代医学飞速发展,作为麻醉医生,我们的路,才刚刚开始。 

短短十几秒钟,失血量竞超过1000ml,不到30分钟,已达到3000余ml,相当于正常人体血量的四分之三!这,就是近日在天津市第三中心医院手术室内上演的惊魂一幕。麻醉科与产科、介入室、ICU密切合作,将这名凶险性前置胎盘的产妇成功的从死亡线上拉了回来,不但母子平安,而且完整保留了产妇的子宫,取得了非常满意的结果。 

32岁的宋女士,9年前因初产头浮于外院行剖宫产术,而且有两次人工流产史。本次入院经彩超检查,确诊为完全性前置胎盘,胎盘植入。据产科宋淑荣主任介绍,该病种是诱发产后大出血最为严重的凶险性前置胎盘,胎盘位置附着在子宫原剖宫产瘢痕上并完全覆盖宫颈口,胎儿无法通过阴道分娩,且因胎盘与子宫不能顺利剥离,极易出现大出血,切除子宫,甚至危及母婴生命。文献报道,该类疾患子宫切除率达66.6%,母体死亡率达到7%。国内外众多医疗机构闻之色变,术前备血量甚至达4000ml,目前已报到的病例最多失血量达17000ml。但糟糕的是,患者血型为AB型,由于血源紧张,我院库存该型红细胞当时只有800ml。此时患者已经临产,情况万分危及,惊心动魄的序幕即将拉开。 

麻醉科考虑到产妇为二次手术,凶险性前置胎盘,腹腔内情况复杂多变,一旦给予全身麻醉,如果不能及时将胎儿取出,麻醉药物会直接抑制胎儿呼吸,风险极高。经过紧张高效的术前讨论,决定为产妇实施连续硬膜外阻滞,根据术中情况随时更改为全身麻醉,开放多条外周静脉及中心静脉通路备用。病人入室后,采用高容量血液稀释技术,为患者适量补充循环血量的同时,减少术中红细胞的损失。 


麻醉效果满意后手术开始,一场惨烈的遭遇战就此打响。切皮,进入腹腔探查,先前的猜想被证实。开腹后,术者发现子宫浆膜层与腹膜广泛粘连融合,子宫前壁弥漫着怒张的血管,产科宋淑荣主任带领梁茜副主任、周江莉副主任小心翼翼地扒开腹壁切口,暴露的子宫下段如一颗跳动的心脏。而整个胎盘就如一个蜂窝,里面密布粗大的血管,手术中稍有不慎,怒张的胎盘血管极有可能破裂大出血。宋主任果断将胎盘打洞,向两侧弧形撕开,随着新生儿的第一声啼哭,一个胖乎乎的男婴诞生了。但医生们来不及分享新生命诞生的喜悦,心随即又提到了嗓子眼。

胎盘剥离面出现倾盆状大出血和弥漫性渗血,短短十几秒钟,失血量已达1000余ml,台上应用大量宫缩剂,但效果不佳,大量鲜血持续涌出,产妇血压迅速由127/75mmHg降至40/20mmHg, 如此短时间内极度的血容量不足导致产妇迅速出现烦躁的休克症状,严重干扰手术操作,随后心率开始逐渐减慢,生命危在旦夕。

在场的麻醉科高宝柱主任指派赵军副主任立即主持抢救工作,紧急成立应急处置小组,由华伟副主任、韩莹、冯磊医生及武毅护士长带领的手术室护理部组成救治团队。首先给予超小剂量镇静药物,缓解病人烦躁状态,保证手术顺利进行。同时,迅速开始抗休克治疗,体位调整,输血、输液,补充血容量及凝血物质,保温并给与大剂量多种正性肌力药物联合输注维持循环稳定,右心功能监测,纠正酸碱失衡,有效通气等治疗措施有条不紊同步进行。同时,与台上医生密切沟通协作,联络血库、介入室,准备行子宫动脉栓塞术。由于出血汹涌,不到10min总出血量已接近3000ml,极度快速的失血导致产妇严重酸中毒,乳酸急剧升高,扩容及正性肌力药物的效果开始并不理想,血压始终无法回升至满意状态,在70/40mmHg徘徊。

按照常规,为了挽救生命,产妇的子宫很难保住。但该患者子宫广泛粘连,急诊切除极其困难,不但会损伤周围脏器并可引发更为广泛的出血,也将错过急诊介入治疗的时机,真是骑虎难下。此时赵军副主任一边指挥现场,一边快速二次行深静脉置管,有效增加了静脉通路,为循环纠正创造了更有利的条件。训练有素的手术室团队上下一心,将一瓶瓶加温的液体输入患者的体内,如同在场所有医务人员暖暖的心,为这个在严寒中脆弱又孤独的生命送去温暖。在整个救治团队的努力下,几分钟后,产妇血压止跌回升,循环的改善使保留子宫成为可能,并为介入治疗争取了时间。

看到此种状况,手术医生决定放弃子宫切除,行宫内砂条填塞止血。麻醉科与产科医生密切协作,病人循环、内环境及意识状态逐步改善,子宫填塞迅速关腹后,由两名麻醉医生密切监护,转入介入室。此时在血管活性药物及扩容治疗的双重支撑下,患者循环及意识状态终于趋于稳定。一个多小时后,介入室为产妇成功实施了子宫动脉栓塞术,血彻底止住了,大伙儿提到嗓子眼的心终于放了下来。由于救治及时,病人术后仅在ICU停留一天即转入普通病房。 

术后第3天,在病房里我们见到了精神状态和身体状态恢复良好的宋女士,此时的她已经能够自由下地行走。亲身经历了这刻骨铭心惊魂劫难的她,详细询问了当天手术室台上台下发生的故事。重获新生的她内心有说不出的感激,紧紧握着我们的手说:“真的没有想到还可以看见这个世界,真的没有想到还可以保住我和宝宝,保住我的子宫,真的太感谢你们了!”听到这些,作为医生的我们真的是感到莫大的安慰与鼓舞。

 

“凶险型前置胎盘”一词近些年开始在国内提出,类似病例在本市未见官方报道,生产中出血量一般在3000~5000ml。随着剖宫产率增加,凶险型前置胎盘发病率也显著增加。该病一旦发生,出血非常凶猛、变化极快,再加上许多产妇没有进行常规的产前检查,往往是发病后才到医院就诊,手术风险极大,可导致产后大出血,半个小时内可致产妇死亡。

实施这类手术时,麻醉科和产科专家的共同参与至关重要,同时要求医院具备强大的监测能力、顺畅的救治通道,多科室之间的快速联动以及高超的手术及麻醉水平。 

该病例的成功救治,是我院多学科综合实力及团队合作能力的重要体现,也更加凸显了麻醉学科在围术期临床工作中的重要意义及医疗救治水平。俗话说,手术医生治病,麻醉医生保命。麻醉医生是无影灯下当之无愧的幕后英雄,是生命的守护神。(天津市第三中心医院麻醉科赵军医生原创投稿 新青年麻醉论坛)

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    2015-01-06 cmsvly
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48015, encodeId=8e0c48015d3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=196, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706758, encodeId=a5fc1e067583e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=628a30e3012' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#军医#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30730, encryptionId=628a30e3012, topicName=军医)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0af031318295, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316123, encodeId=06f11316123ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a1c4360e6e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43607, encryptionId=7a1c4360e6e, topicName=大出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395241, encodeId=e4e913952415b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0e43265992' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#前置胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32659, encryptionId=c0e43265992, topicName=前置胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1406806, encodeId=6f4a140680681, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2aca8365e2c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83657, encryptionId=2aca8365e2c, topicName=胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTItxfbnwF4Yku2j227me6wl2EGarBoTicR3tHxrMtib5tnyyEEsgxlHkk8JAS4ZjHsEF7PxhBwh1QwQ/132, createdBy=c8162575557, createdName=liuyong2981, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471235, encodeId=6e1614e1235e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48015, encodeId=8e0c48015d3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=196, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706758, encodeId=a5fc1e067583e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=628a30e3012' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#军医#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30730, encryptionId=628a30e3012, topicName=军医)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0af031318295, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316123, encodeId=06f11316123ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a1c4360e6e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43607, encryptionId=7a1c4360e6e, topicName=大出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395241, encodeId=e4e913952415b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0e43265992' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#前置胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32659, encryptionId=c0e43265992, topicName=前置胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1406806, encodeId=6f4a140680681, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2aca8365e2c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83657, encryptionId=2aca8365e2c, topicName=胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTItxfbnwF4Yku2j227me6wl2EGarBoTicR3tHxrMtib5tnyyEEsgxlHkk8JAS4ZjHsEF7PxhBwh1QwQ/132, createdBy=c8162575557, createdName=liuyong2981, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471235, encodeId=6e1614e1235e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48015, encodeId=8e0c48015d3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=196, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706758, encodeId=a5fc1e067583e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=628a30e3012' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#军医#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30730, encryptionId=628a30e3012, topicName=军医)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0af031318295, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316123, encodeId=06f11316123ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a1c4360e6e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43607, encryptionId=7a1c4360e6e, topicName=大出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395241, encodeId=e4e913952415b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0e43265992' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#前置胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32659, encryptionId=c0e43265992, topicName=前置胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1406806, encodeId=6f4a140680681, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2aca8365e2c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胎盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83657, encryptionId=2aca8365e2c, topicName=胎盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTItxfbnwF4Yku2j227me6wl2EGarBoTicR3tHxrMtib5tnyyEEsgxlHkk8JAS4ZjHsEF7PxhBwh1QwQ/132, createdBy=c8162575557, createdName=liuyong2981, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471235, encodeId=6e1614e1235e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-06 lfyang

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