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Trends Amplif:音乐或有治愈脑损伤功能

2012-12-21 佚名 凤凰科技

  国外媒体报道,当爵士音乐家威杰·耶尔(Vijay Iyer)弹奏钢琴时,他满脸写满了高度专注。之后观众都不禁好奇:当时他脑子里都在想什么?“老师告诉你,当你在弹奏音乐时什么都不要想。” 耶尔在弹奏完约翰·柯川(John Coltrane)的“巨人的脚步”(需要即兴演奏的乐曲)后这样说道。“我认为这就是对关于思想是什么的即兴发挥…思想通过我们的行为而展示出来。” 耶尔的表演导致纽约科学研究院就音


  国外媒体报道,当爵士音乐家威杰·耶尔(Vijay Iyer)弹奏钢琴时,他满脸写满了高度专注。之后观众都不禁好奇:当时他脑子里都在想什么?“老师告诉你,当你在弹奏音乐时什么都不要想。” 耶尔在弹奏完约翰·柯川(John Coltrane)的“巨人的脚步”(需要即兴演奏的乐曲)后这样说道。“我认为这就是对关于思想是什么的即兴发挥…思想通过我们的行为而展示出来。” 耶尔的表演导致纽约科学研究院就音乐和思想开展了一个专题讨论会。

  音乐引发了大脑大部分区域的活动,专题讨论小组成员、神经系统科学家和音乐家詹姆谢·巴洛加(JamshedBharucha)这样说道。“就你们提出的问题,我们只能从大脑正在进行的活动而进行表面的发掘探讨。”

  脑部扫描的创作性 

  研究音乐的神经科学的外科医生查尔斯·莱姆(Charles Limb)使用了功能性核磁共振成像(MRI)对爵士音乐家和说唱歌手进行脑部成像扫描,MRI主要是测量大脑内部的血流量;他同时要求音乐家和歌手即时创造音乐或者说唱,试图以此更好地理解创造性。

  功能性MRI一般限于对尸体进行扫描,因此用于活人扫描的确有些怪异。但莱姆警告称,创造力,正如耶尔在表演过程中所展示出来的,是可以作为实验的一部分在实验室重现的。

  “我意识到做音乐背后总是存在生理学机制。”莱姆说道。创造性大脑的图像会显示出复杂的活动,而在被称为“大脑CEO”的前额皮质区域,有些活动却正在衰减。前额皮质与认知分析和抽象思考有关。该大脑区域并没有关闭,相反,某些很显著的过程逐渐减弱失势,例如有意识的自我监控,后者主要关注人是否在正确的做某些事。

  随后,一名听众成员指出,创造性并不是一个随机过程,而是靠努力工作而获得的,莱姆则解释道,大脑活动的复杂性以及它的启示意义很难用几句话提炼概括。前额皮质涉及了大量的脑部活动。莱姆指出,当音乐家进行演奏时,某些与自传体自我以及自我反思相关的大脑区域变得异常活跃。即兴表演分为不同层次,而专业音乐家具有特殊的技巧能够在别人无法企及的意义深远的层面上进行即兴演出。

  社会性目的 

  莱姆指出,人类能够在不同领域进行创造性活动,而不仅仅限于音乐,还包括围棋或者语言等。这些领域具有共同性。“其中之一便是它们具有某种结构或者框架,而在那个框架里面存在无限多种可能性。”莱姆解释道。创意领域使得人们能够彼此联系,形成小组产生共鸣并产生一种群体认同感。

  音乐的魅力不仅仅在于它给人们带来的乐趣,更在于人们能够被吸引并感同身受。“共鸣和同步性的概念比取悦听者或者振奋精神重要得多。”音乐的重要性之一便是与听者产生共鸣。

  治愈功能 

  音乐还有治愈功能。研讨会小组成员音乐治疗师孔切塔·托马伊诺(ConcettaTomaino)与病人一起致力于研究神经学问题,诸如大脑损伤,帕金森综合征以及中风等,后者会导致病人失去记忆等功能,以及运动和言语功能。

  然而,音乐的结构和情感内容能够帮助听者重新获得功能恢复。“这证明音乐的结构与其它功能一样,同时都存在于人们对音乐感知里。”

原始来源:

Roy AT, Jiradejvong P, Carver C, Limb CJ.Musical Sound Quality Impairments in Cochlear Implant (CI) Users as a Function of Limited High-Frequency Perception. Trends Amplif. 2012 Nov 19
    

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    2013-07-02 freve
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    2013-10-16 xuyong536
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    2012-12-23 weiz

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