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糖尿病患者骨折风险增加,控制饮食切勿过度节食

2017-05-04 蒲欣 屠俊 澎湃新闻

随着中国逐步进入老龄化社会,糖尿病和骨质疏松症患病人数井喷式增长,同时,我国医疗改革分级诊疗开展,对糖尿病、骨质疏松等慢病的防治工作重任落在基层社区服务中心和二级医院。如何进行糖尿病、糖尿病慢性并发症以及骨质疏松症的早期、规范防治,对一、二级医院医务人员来讲尚存在一定问题。为了提高医务人员诊疗水平,浦南医院内分泌科发起以糖尿病、骨质疏松症为主题的内分泌代谢病论坛。上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院内分

随着中国逐步进入老龄化社会,糖尿病骨质疏松症患病人数井喷式增长,同时,我国医疗改革分级诊疗开展,对糖尿病、骨质疏松等慢病的防治工作重任落在基层社区服务中心和二级医院。

如何进行糖尿病、糖尿病慢性并发症以及骨质疏松症的早期、规范防治,对一、二级医院医务人员来讲尚存在一定问题。为了提高医务人员诊疗水平,浦南医院内分泌科发起以糖尿病、骨质疏松症为主题的内分泌代谢病论坛。

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院内分泌科主任王卫庆教授指出,“糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,其防治的重心应该是在基层。相对而言,国外的糖尿病住院患者比例很低,大多是急重症患者;但中国国情不同:一方面,中国三甲医院和社区医院的诊治水平存在一定差距;另一方面,患者的认知水平也因人而异。所以,制定统一的目标和方法,利于不同层次的医生和患者进行更好的疾病管理。”

王卫庆教授指出,医院、医生、患者,在治疗过程中都是不可控的因素,为了更好地管理血糖、管理病人,在达到目标的过程中需要统一的水平线、目标值、管理方法,这样才能更容易地让不同病人在不同的医院、不同的地区,最后达到的目标是一样的,得到的治疗是一样的。

上海浦南医院内分泌科主任刘连勇教授指出,通过会议学习,使一、二级医院对内分泌专科医务人员、对糖尿病及骨质疏松病有更深刻的了解和认识,明确社区与区域卫生医疗中心相互转诊的时间点,规范糖尿病、骨质疏松早期预防,规范治疗,合理转诊。使糖尿病、骨质疏松等慢病的防治真正做到早防、早治,规范、全程管理,也必将为患者及社会带来更大的效益。

针对疾病,刘连勇教授指出,作为当下最常见的内分泌代谢性疾病,糖尿病除了存在糖、蛋白质、脂肪的代谢紊乱,也会引起钙质流失和骨代谢的异常。糖尿病的典型症状是多饮、多尿,而大量的钙、磷矿物质会随着尿液排除体外,如果此时缺乏必要的钙剂补充,就会造成患者的“钙负平衡”。同时由于糖尿病引起一系列激素水平的异常,如骨钙素分泌异常等都导致骨形成减少、骨流失增加,最终导致骨质疏松。

糖尿病患者骨折风险增加,继而增加死亡率。所以在治疗糖尿病性骨质疏松时,也必须把处理糖尿病放在重中之重的位置。所谓“皮之不存,毛将焉附”,糖尿病病情控制稳定,可以在很大程度上改善骨质疏松。

一般来说,糖尿病常规食谱中的钙、镁、锌含量明显不足。因此,糖尿病患者要保持营养均衡,不能过度节食,平时应多吃钙含量丰富的食物,如牛奶等奶制品、富含钙质的蔬菜、豆类等,这是防治骨质疏松症的基础。

运动同样重要。规律性的有氧运动,如慢跑、快走、游泳等,不仅能够帮助糖尿病患者控制血糖和体重,还有助于强健骨骼、预防骨质疏松。同时无氧运动如抗阻运动也能预防和改善骨质疏松。另外,充足日晒可以促使皮肤合成更多的活性维生素D,促进肠道内钙的吸收,因此,建议糖尿病患者每天有不少于半小时的日晒时间。

除此以外,糖尿病患者还必须戒除一切不利于骨骼健康的生活习惯,比如吸烟、酗酒、大量饮咖啡、浓茶等。

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    2017-05-06 lsndxfj
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    2017-05-05 lou.minghong

    糖尿病的并发症太可怕了

    0

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    2017-05-04 林3301

    是的,控制饮食,吃对了和吃少了是两码子事

    0

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