Baidu
map

视频:Nature动画带你看懂肿瘤免疫疗法

2016-04-08 佚名 生物谷

视频来自Nature网站

许多遗传和环境因素都可导致肿瘤发生。举个例子,来自太阳的紫外线可能会损伤黑色素细胞(皮肤中的色素生成细胞)中的DNA及其他结构。紫外线对黑色素细胞的慢性损伤是皮肤癌常见类型之一——黑色素瘤的主要诱因。黑色素瘤如果进一步生长,便有可能扩散至身体的其他部位,比如肝和肺。

人体的免疫细胞会对各种组织保持持续性的监视。自然杀伤细胞可以监测到由受损癌变细胞产生的胁迫相关蛋白。树突状细胞可激活细胞毒T细胞,后者可通过其T细胞受体及其他辅助性受体识别肿瘤相关抗原。一旦被激活,自然杀伤细胞和细胞毒T细胞将会释放穿孔素和颗粒酶,这两者可在肿瘤细胞表面制造穿孔,使之凋亡。辅助性T细胞可促进这一过程的发生,通过支持树突状细胞对细胞毒T细胞的激活作用以及产生干扰素-γ等细胞因子,招募和激活更多的自然杀伤细胞。

随着肿瘤的演进,基因突变会不断发生和积累,使得某些肿瘤细胞具备额外的生存优势,并赋予了肿瘤异质性的特点。举例来说,这些基因突变可能使得某些肿瘤细胞不再表达可被免疫杀伤细胞识别的分子。这样,由于逃避了免疫系统的识别,这些肿瘤细胞便快速扩增,且在所有肿瘤细胞中所占比例也逐渐增加。

还有一些肿瘤细胞能通过表达PD-L1等分子主动抑制T细胞的功能。PD-L1可结合T细胞表面的PD-1受体从而使后者失活。PD-1在这里这就是免疫检验点。此外,肿瘤细胞还可吸引来一些免疫抑制细胞(包括调节性T细胞和某些髓样细胞)在其周围,从而支持其自身生长。

因此,肿瘤周边的微环境就好像是两种免疫“势力”的战场:一方要攻击肿瘤;另外则一方支持肿瘤生长。科学家们正在开发的癌症免疫疗法就是要加强攻击肿瘤一方的实力。这其中的一种方法就是将黑色素瘤患者体内的细胞毒T细胞分离出来,从中筛选出并扩增对黑色素瘤攻击力最强的细胞群体,再将这些T细胞输送回患者体内,以达到治疗目的。还有一种方法便是引入干扰素-α、白细胞介素-2等细胞因子,以加强抗肿瘤免疫细胞的活性。

当然,我们也可以从免疫检验点入手。例如,抗PD-1抗体可阻止该受体对细胞毒T细胞活性的阻断作用。此外,CTLA-4受体也是一个可作为药物靶点的免疫检验点。如将该受体阻断,则可帮助树突状细胞加强抗肿瘤T细胞的活性。

当然,这类疗法并不是对所有的患者都有效,但若将癌症免疫疗法与放疗、化疗等传统疗法组合在一起,则往往能在一些患者身上取得更好的疗效。不同的癌症免疫疗法之间也可以形成组合治疗方案,比如可将PD-1和CTLA-4同时阻断。

不过,这种将部分免疫功能激活的疗法也是有风险的,可能会在某些患者身上引起有害的副作用,比如导致免疫系统去攻击健康组织。不过,近来的一系列临床试验的结果还是跟人带来希望的。你现在看到的这个视频只是有关黑色素瘤的,而免疫癌症疗法现已被证明可用于治疗多种不同类型的肿瘤。

参考文献

1. Future of Medicine: How Doctors Boost the Immune System to Fight Cancer [Video]

相关会议推荐

2016(第三届)肿瘤与免疫治疗研讨会

会议时间:2016.5.13-5.14     会议地点:上海

会议详情: http://www.bioon.com/z/2016tumor-immune/

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880988, encodeId=003d188098878, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 16:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78227, encodeId=501de8227c5, content=高大上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78228, encodeId=dc82e8228ec, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521469, encodeId=df78152146955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76378, encodeId=cd0ee637810, content=动画很形象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 15:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-04 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880988, encodeId=003d188098878, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 16:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78227, encodeId=501de8227c5, content=高大上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78228, encodeId=dc82e8228ec, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521469, encodeId=df78152146955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76378, encodeId=cd0ee637810, content=动画很形象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 15:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-14 李继凯

    高大上啊

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880988, encodeId=003d188098878, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 16:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78227, encodeId=501de8227c5, content=高大上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78228, encodeId=dc82e8228ec, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521469, encodeId=df78152146955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76378, encodeId=cd0ee637810, content=动画很形象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 15:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880988, encodeId=003d188098878, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 16:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78227, encodeId=501de8227c5, content=高大上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78228, encodeId=dc82e8228ec, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521469, encodeId=df78152146955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76378, encodeId=cd0ee637810, content=动画很形象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 15:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880988, encodeId=003d188098878, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 16:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78227, encodeId=501de8227c5, content=高大上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78228, encodeId=dc82e8228ec, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521469, encodeId=df78152146955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76378, encodeId=cd0ee637810, content=动画很形象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 15:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-08 lyh994

    动画很形象!

    0

相关资讯

JCO:儿童癌症幸存者的不良结局存在种族差异吗?

 在过去的四十年中,对于儿童癌症的治疗已经取得的长足的进展,数据显示儿童癌症患者的五年生存率已经达到了85%。伴随着儿童癌症幸存者数量的增加,有必要考虑癌症及其相应的治疗对于儿童的长期影响。早前的研究表明儿童癌症幸存者承受着巨大的发病率和过早死亡的压力。但是鲜有研究关注这一压力在不同种族的儿童癌症幸存者中的差异。 来自加拿大的华人科学家Qi Liu以第一作者身份发表在《临床肿瘤

盘点:肿瘤免疫治疗那些事儿

Nano Lett:微针头贴片助力肿瘤免疫治疗 有效杀伤黑色素瘤近日,美国北卡罗来纳州立大学和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校从事生物医学工程研究的科学家们开发出一种新技术,利用嵌入微针头的贴片直接将肿瘤免疫治疗药物送达黑色素瘤位点。研究结果表明,相比于其它方法该技术能够更加有效地靶向黑色素瘤。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊NanoLetters上。目前癌症免疫治疗研究主要着重于使用anti-PD-1抗体

中国科大发明肿瘤化疗疗效评价成像新方法

近日,中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院梁高林教授课题组与中科院强磁场科学中心钟凯研究员课题组合作,发明一种能在化疗肿瘤内“智能”自聚集的磁共振纳米造影剂,并在患肿瘤的小鼠体内验证了其优异肿瘤成像效果。该研究成果3月31日在线发表在国际著名学术期刊《纳米快报》上。 半胱天冬酶家族在介导细胞凋亡的过程中起着重要的作用,对半胱天冬酶的检测可以很好地监测肿瘤细胞的早期凋亡,从而评价肿瘤化疗的疗效

3D打印技术用于治疗肿瘤,精准进行碘粒子植入

东南大学附属中大医院介入与血管外科郭金和教授团队,在为肿瘤患者施行碘粒子介入治疗时,首次用上了3D打印模板技术,2位接受这一新型组合技术治疗的患者,不仅手术时间明显缩短、痛苦减少,而且治疗的精准度显著提高。据介绍,72岁的赵大爷食管癌术后4年,最近出现进食困难、吞咽吃力,并伴有呕吐恶心、腹部不适等症状,经过检查,发现赵大爷发生了肝门部淋巴结转移。另一位65岁的患者李大爷肺癌术后一个月,出现胸闷伴呼

Cancer Cell:科学家发现能抑制多种肿瘤的酶抑制剂

研究人员最近研发了一种酶抑制剂,显示对多种肿瘤有效,尤其是白血病,乳腺癌和大肠癌。他们的研究重心是c-Myc肿瘤蛋白,它在将近一半的人类肿瘤中表达增强,以及SIRT2--对多种癌症细胞的活力起关键作用的酶。研究人员用一种称为TM的化合物,能在乳腺癌小鼠模型中抑制SIRT2活性,降低c-Myc蛋白水平,抑制肿瘤生长。 这项研究让我们在每年夺取800万人生命的疾病的治愈之路上又向前走了一步。他们

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map