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Development:三维成像告诉你,胚胎植入之初,小鼠子宫内发生了哪些变化?

2016-12-29 生物探索 生物探索

导读 虽然我们对胚胎发育了解颇多,但是胚胎发育初期子宫内部环境的变化仍然有很多未知。近期,加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队研发了一套三维成像体系,通过将成像技术与3D分析软件结合,首次实现了对小鼠胚胎植入初期子宫的可视化观察,展现了子宫内膜结构在受孕初期的变化。12月13日,Development期刊发表一篇文章揭示了小鼠怀孕初期子宫环境发生的变化。来自于加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队首次实现了受孕初期

导读 虽然我们对胚胎发育了解颇多,但是胚胎发育初期子宫内部环境的变化仍然有很多未知。近期,加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队研发了一套三维成像体系,通过将成像技术与3D分析软件结合,首次实现了对小鼠胚胎植入初期子宫的可视化观察,展现了子宫内膜结构在受孕初期的变化。


12月13日,Development期刊发表一篇文章揭示了小鼠怀孕初期子宫环境发生的变化。来自于加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队首次实现了受孕初期子宫结构的可视化,通过最新的3维成像技术记录了前所未有的结构变化。

研究人员以小鼠为模型,首次观察了胚胎植入时子宫内膜的变化,并找到影响胚胎在子宫内成功着床的影响因素。同时,他们将该技术应用于人类子宫样本,对子宫腺体组织进行了细致分析。这一技术有望破解不孕难题,提高体外受精技术的成功率。

胚胎植入之初,小鼠子宫内膜的变化

体外受精技术的发展让我们有机会了解胚胎在受精后几个星期的生理变化。但是,胚胎植入初期,子宫会发生哪些变化一直未知。UCSF妇产科和生殖科学副教授Diana Laird带领博后Ripla Arora及其他团队注意到,现有技术研究胚胎植入子宫之初的变化极其困难且耗费时间。

为了解决问题,他带领团队利用3维成像技术记录了小鼠早期胚胎在子宫内的发育细节。最新技术实现的过程包括:首先在实验室利用化学方法“清理”子宫组织,随后利用荧光蛋白标记子宫内膜的不同组分,最后利用高端共聚焦显微镜对胚胎和子宫腺体实现3维成像。

借助新方法,研究团队发现,当小鼠子宫开始接受胚胎植入时,其内膜会发生紧密折叠。一旦因为基因突变而发生植入缺陷时,子宫内膜折叠模式也会发生紊乱。这意味着,子宫内膜结构的变化对于胚胎的成功植入至关重要,

同时,成像技术还揭示了子宫腺体的结构。过去科学家们一直推测腺体负责滋养新植入的胚胎。研究团队首次发现,子宫腺体与子宫内膜之间通过狭窄的导管连接。而且,当胚胎植入时,导管及腺体会显著改变它们的形状和方向:拉伸并转向胚胎,就像向日葵朝着太阳一样。

Laird表示:“你可以通过观察腺体的方向,判断胚胎的位置。三维成像技术证实,这些腺体确实与子宫内部有关联,且朝着胚胎着床位置生长。这意味着腺体很有可能负责分泌关键因子,用于支持子宫内膜接受胚胎,且有助于胚胎在植入初期的发育。”

3维成像技术有望解析人类受孕初期的细节

随后,妇产科和生殖科学教授Linda Giudice博士带领团队用该技术对人类子宫腺体的结构进行了初步观察。他们NIH UCSF人类子宫组织和DNA库中获取女性子宫内膜活检或者子宫切除样本。

3D成像结果揭示,相比于小鼠,人类子宫内膜在受孕之初结构变化并不明显,但是子宫腺体的密度却要复杂得多。研究人员希望,该技术能够进一步揭示人类子宫腺体和导管是否会出现类似于小鼠组织的变化,从而进一步解析不孕原因、改善体外受精胚胎植入成功率。

Laird表示:“我们希望借此技术了解怀孕初期子宫内部发生的一系列变化,例如胚胎如何在子宫内找到着床点、胚胎移植成功离不开哪些因素。一旦我们知道正常情况下事情发生的流程,那么我们就有机会弄清楚为什么一些基因突变会导致妊娠失败,能够研究一些环境毒素(例如潜伏在家居用品的化学物质)如何影响怀孕,甚至于能够解析为什么代谢类疾病、肥胖如何干扰胚胎植入。”

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    2017-11-05 fzwish20000
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    2016-12-31 ailian1202
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    2016-12-31 jiyangfei

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