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Cell Rep:遗传组成或可使癌症患儿对辐射致病更加敏感

2015-09-09 佚名 生物谷

来自美国加州大学旧金山分校(UC San Francisco)的科学家近日通过研究发现,和儿童癌症发病相关的基因易损性或可使正在进行放射疗法的儿童相比成年人而言对继发癌症的发生更加敏感;相关研究发表于国际杂志Cell Reports上。 由放射疗法引发的恶性肿瘤是引发癌症儿童患者死亡的主要原因,而且其影响着大约10%的长期癌症存活者,而因放射性疗法后的DNA损伤所引发的继发性肿瘤的发生往往是

来自美国加州大学旧金山分校(UC San Francisco)的科学家近日通过研究发现,和儿童癌症发病相关的基因易损性或可使正在进行放射疗法的儿童相比成年人而言对继发癌症的发生更加敏感;相关研究发表于国际杂志Cell Reports上。

由放射疗法引发的恶性肿瘤是引发癌症儿童患者死亡的主要原因,而且其影响着大约10%的长期癌症存活者,而因放射性疗法后的DNA损伤所引发的继发性肿瘤的发生往往是恶性的,而且难以治疗。文章中研究者将小鼠暴露于辐射及遗传突变中,对小鼠机体的肿瘤进行分析研究。

研究者对比了正常小鼠和Nf1基因突变的小鼠机体中癌症的流行率,Nf1基因编码着一种名为神经纤维瘤蛋白的肿瘤抑制蛋白,出生时就携带该基因突变的患儿往往会患1型神经纤维瘤病,该病会促进患者患肿瘤;为了能够平行研究放射疗法对患儿的影响,研究者对小鼠腹壁进行了集中的靶向辐射,这种操作类似于在患者机体中进行的操作。

相比正常小鼠而言,辐射后Nf1突变的小鼠机体中会长出较多肿瘤,而且寿命较短;研究者Nakamura说道,对比来自两种不同遗传背景的肿瘤可以帮助我们理解辐射如何引发遗传改变以及哪种遗传改变可以归因于种系的突变;随后研究者对来自19只小鼠机体的恶性肿瘤进行了测序分析,其中15份肿瘤都发生于Nf1缺失的小鼠机体中。

研究者随后对肉瘤进行了研究,肉瘤通常发生于肌肉和骨质,而且是常见的继发性肿瘤,相比正常小鼠而言,这些Nf1突变的小鼠机体中DNA序列的改变较少,而且Nf1突变的小鼠机体的癌症更易于缺失大量的单一染色体片段,相关研究结果表明,Nf1基因的种系突变会影响肿瘤中遗传改变的数量和类型,目前研究人员正在对来自患儿机体辐射诱导的恶性肿瘤进行分析。

研究者表示,如果我们可以鉴别出是否种系突变会引发儿童患癌,这或许就可以帮助开发出潜在的个体化癌症疗法来改善患者的生活质量,Nakamura希望本文的研究结果可以帮助科学家理解癌症形成的精确分子机制,并且开发有效的疗法来治疗疾病的发生,未来研究者或许可以鉴别出患者机体存在的突变特性,从而以此为基础来开发新型药物或保护性疗法。


原文出处:

Amy L. Sherborne,et al.Mutational Analysis of Ionizing Radiation Induced Neoplasms.Cell Rep.2015

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    2015-09-26 智智灵药
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    2015-09-11 jiyangfei
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    2015-09-09 gongzuozhong

    辐射

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