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FAKTION研究: PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂带来新希望

2019-05-28 杨谨 肿瘤资讯

全球肿瘤学者期待已久的年度肿瘤盛会--美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会将于芝加哥召开。今年的主题为“Caring for Every Patient, Learning from Every Patient”。2019年ASCO年会上将迎来多项肿瘤领域的重磅研究,其中对于激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,PI3K/AKT通路活化常出现在ER+乳腺癌患者中且与内分泌治疗耐药相关,即将报道的FAKTION试验将

全球肿瘤学者期待已久的年度肿瘤盛会--美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会将于芝加哥召开。今年的主题为“Caring for Every Patient, Learning from Every Patient”。2019年ASCO年会上将迎来多项肿瘤领域的重磅研究,其中对于激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,PI3K/AKT通路活化常出现在ER+乳腺癌患者中且与内分泌治疗耐药相关,即将报道的FAKTION试验将探讨capivasertib联合氟维司群于AI经治后出现复发或病情进展的绝经后ER+HER2-乳腺癌女性中的疗效。

杨谨主任医师、教授、博士生导师,西安交通大学第一医院肿瘤内科副主任,中国研究型医院学会乳腺癌专业委员会常委,国家肿瘤质控中心乳腺癌专业委员会委员,中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会青年委员,中国研究型医院学会精准医学与肿瘤MDT专委会乳腺学组副组长,中国抗癌协会肿瘤标志物专委会乳腺学组副主任委员,中国抗癌协会整合肿瘤心脏病学分会委员,陕西省医学会肿瘤内科分会常务委员,陕西省抗癌协会生物治疗专业委员会侯任主委,陕西省抗癌协会化疗专业委员会副主任委员,陕西省抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会常委,美国马里兰大学Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum 访问学者,副主编、参编医学专着6部,发表SCI论文40余篇,主持国家自然科学基金面上项目3项,陕西省科技进步二等奖2项,陕西省高校科技进步二等奖2项

背景

PI3K/AKT通路在ER+乳腺癌患者中经常被激活,且与内分泌治疗耐药相关。Capivasertib (AZD5363)是一种高选择性的口服小分子AKT抑制剂。FAKTION试验旨在探讨capivasertib联合氟维司群在AI经治后出现疾病复发或进展的绝经后ER+HER2-乳腺癌女性中的疗效。

方法

FAKTION是一项由研究者主导、采用安慰剂对照、随机双盲的II期临床试验。来自21个UK试点的患者按1:1随机接受氟维司群500mg(C1D1D15,随后每28天一周期的D1)+capivasertib 400mg bd或安慰剂(自C1D15起用4天停3天)治疗直至病情进展或出现不可耐受的毒性反应或患者退出。通过最小化组间PIK3CA突变情况、PTEN表达情况、可测量/不可测量病灶、原发/继发内分泌耐药等差异平衡组间分配。主要研究终点为PFS,次要研究终点包括OS、客观缓解率、临床获益率、安全性及PI3K/AKT通路活化情况与PFS相关性。

结果

2015年3月至2018年3月期间,共140名患者随机接受氟维司群+ capivasertib (n = 69) 及氟维司群+ 安慰剂(n = 71)治疗。出现112例事件后(52名患者死亡),进行意向性分析,结果显示capivasertib 组和安慰剂组的中位PFS分别是10.3个月和4.8个月(HR=0.57; 95% CI: 0.39~0.84; 单侧P = 0.0017; 双侧P = 0.0035)。capivasertib 组和安慰剂组的中位OS分别是26.0个月和20.0个月,12个月后开始出现组间生存差异(HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.34~1.05;双侧P = 0.071)。安全性数据及包括不同PI3K/AKT通路突变情况患者对capivasertib 获益情况的亚组分析结果将于会议中公布。

结论

该试验已实现其主要研究终点。Capivasertib联合氟维司群可显着改善内分泌耐药的晚期乳腺癌患者的PFS和OS。FAKTION试验结果将推动Capivasertib用于治疗ER+乳腺癌的相关研究。

专家点评

在HR+/HER2-乳腺癌中,PI3K/AKT信号通路的异常活化是内分泌治疗耐药的重要原因,该通路通过PIK3CA或者AKT基因突变和PTEN的改变被激活。其中,AKT可以通过以下方式活化:负调节因子,如PTEN、INPP4B、PHLPP和PP2A的功能丧失;正调节因子的功能获得,包括PI3K、受体酪氨酸激酶(HER2)的活化以及化疗和内分泌治疗诱导的生存应答。

Capivasertib(AZD5363)是一种高选择性、口服、小分子AKT抑制剂,该药在伴/不伴PIK3CA、AKT1和PTEN改变模型中均具有活性,但基础和临床前研究均证实PI3K或AKT活化和/或PTEN缺失与药物敏感性紧密相关。FAKTION研究的主要目的是确定AKT抑制剂Capivasertib联合氟维司群是否能延长经AI治疗进展绝经后HR+/HER2-乳腺癌患者的PFS及OS,并依据PIK3CA/AKT/PTEN的状态进行亚组分析,探索Capivasertib联合氟维司群方案的适宜人群。该II期临床试验入组患者140名,Capivasertib 组和安慰剂组的中位PFS分别是10.3个月和4.8个月(HR=0.57;单侧P= 0.0017,双侧P=0.0035),达到了主要研究终点;OS分别是26.0个月和20.0个月(HR = 0.59;双侧P= 0.071),显示出延长的趋势。2018年ASCO会议曾公布该药联合紫杉醇在TNBC乳腺癌中的疗效,该研究中定义的PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN改变的肿瘤,至少满足以下一项:PIK3CA活化突变:Arg88Gln, Asn345Lys, Cys420Arg, Glu542X, Gln546X, Met1043lle, His1047X, 或Gly1049Arg(X代表任何氨基酸残基的改变);AKT1 Glu17Lys突变以及PTEN缺失突变。从目前摘要释放的信息,在FAKTION研究中,入组人群在PIK3CA突变情况、PTEN表达情况、可测量/不可测量病灶、原发/继发内分泌耐药等方面组间分配平衡,预示着该研究有预设的亚组,最终这些亚组的分析结果将有助于我们更好的挑选优势人群,进行临床决策。

对于HR+/HER2-的晚期乳腺癌患者,除非存在肿瘤内脏危象,或疾病快速进展急需迅速控制,否则应优先推荐内分泌治疗,目前一线治疗推荐AI+/-CDK4 / 6抑制剂。但在开始内分泌治疗和CDK4/6抑制剂治疗2.2年后,61%的患者出现疾病进展,内分泌治疗耐药成为亟待解决的问题。2018年的两项临床研究,SOLAR-1和SANDPIPER研究均探究了第二代PI3Kα抑制剂联合氟维司群对比单药氟维司群在AI治疗进展患者中的疗效,并取得了阳性结果。其中SOLAR-1研究中的Alpelisib表现更佳,该研究纳入了部分联合CDK4/6抑制剂进展人群, 实验组的PFS达到11个月,和FAKTION结果相近,但该研究主要终点是PIK3CA突变患者PFS,而FAKTION研究终点是总人群PFS,而亚组分析的人群特征可能不止局限在PIK3CA突变,其他的PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN改变也会涉及,所以capivasertib联合氟维司群在PI3K/AKT通路活化亚组人群中的疗效是否可以超过alpelisib联合氟维司群的结果以及哪些定义通路活化状态会更加受益于该药,最终的PI3K/AKT通路活化情况与PFS相关性分析将给予答案,我们将拭目以待。目前已有结果提示通过筛选PI3K/AKT通路活化人群,克服内分泌耐药,可以通过相对精准人群筛选实现疗效的提高。但不可忽视抑制PI3K/AKT通路药物出现的高血糖和腹泻等共有的副作用对其疗效和依从性的影响,因而针对该通路药物的研发,针对不同位点更加精准治疗,在疗效相同或更优而相对低毒的药物将会胜出,AKT抑制剂+氟维司群将会成为特定人群潜在的治疗选择。

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    2020-04-26 珙桐
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    2020-03-24 lidong40
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    2019-07-19 jklm09
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    2019-10-24 xfpan20
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