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BMJ:孕妇服用阿片类药物易导致新生儿出现戒断综合征

2016-01-13 QQduhp 译 MedSci原创

美国阿片类药物处方数量的急剧增加直接导致民众对药物和海洛因的滥用。最近,研究人员将注意力集中在新生儿戒断综合征(NAS)患者数量的大幅增加这一现象。在美国,2000-2009年间,NAS的发病率从1.20增加到3.39/1000个活产儿,2004年-2013年间由于NAS导致患儿转入ICU的百分比由0.6%上升到4.0%。研究人员认为,阿片类药物使用量增减或许会导致NAS的上升。14-22%的美国

美国阿片类药物处方数量的急剧增加直接导致民众对药物和海洛因的滥用。最近,研究人员将注意力集中在新生儿戒断综合征(NAS)的患者数量的大幅增加现象上。在美国,2000-2009年间,NAS的发病率从1.20增加到3.39/1000个活产儿,2004年-2013年间由于NAS导致患儿转入ICU的百分比由0.6%上升到4.0%。研究人员认为,阿片类药物使用量增减或许会导致NAS的上升。14-22%的美国孕妇在孕期服用阿片类药物且对孕妇这一人群而言,阿片样物质使用障碍的患病率逐渐增加。

孕妇在孕期服用阿片类药物,导致胎儿成瘾,胎儿出生后离开了母体原有的环境,来自母体的药物供应中断。新生儿出生后,血清和机体中的药物含量立即下降,并继续代谢和排出药物,当机体组织中的药物含量达到低限水平时,就可能出现新生儿戒断综合征。

若孕妇服用阿片类时间较久或邻近临产日服用阿片类药物,则新生儿发生NAS的风险更大。停药后阿片类药物导致胎儿依赖性减弱,这也解释了为什么当孕期后3个月使用阿片类药物时后导致NAS的发生。同样,新生儿阿片类药物清除率影响NAS的严重程度,清除率较低的阿片类药物(如丁丙诺啡)相比清除率较快(吗啡)和中度清除率的阿片类药物(如美沙酮),会导致新生儿出现的NAS程度较轻。有研究表明,服用丁丙诺啡的孕妇相比服用吗啡和美沙酮的孕妇而言,出现NAS的新生儿住院时间较短。

其他因素如孕妇服用其他精神药物及吸烟等也与NAS风险增加有关。 这表明,妇女服用大量的阿片类药物或其他药物如酒精、苯二氮卓类、巴比妥类药物等也会导致胎儿产生身体依赖性和戒断症状。尼古丁增强内源性阿片类物质的释放,这有助于解释为什么吸烟增加NAS的风险。 

阿片类药物对婴儿大脑发育的潜在影响尚不明确。研究人员使用啮齿动物开展临床前研究,他们发现,给怀孕的小鼠服用阿片类药物会导致小鼠后代中枢神经系统先天性缺陷。人类流行病学研究指出,孕妇服用阿片类药物会增加胎儿神经管缺陷和其他出生缺陷的风险。且孕妇服用阿片类药物对胎儿的影响与胎儿阿片药物代谢系统有关,若胎儿无编码阿片受体,则较少出现NAS。有研究表明,尽管其他药物或生活方式等因素的影响作用尚不明确,但孕妇滥用阿片类药物会导致后代认知障碍。

阿片类药物对胎儿大脑发育的影响尚无确切答案。研究人员认为,孕妇应通过良性方式减轻疼痛,而非无节制服用阿片类药物。即便服用也应短期内服用。如果长期使用不可避免,则应进行严谨的评估和监测,以降低服用过量和NAS的风险。

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    2016-05-18 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-01-24 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    思维开阔

    0

  4. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252998, encodeId=c7b7125299801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309010, 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    2016-01-24 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    在临床也见过

    0

  5. 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  6. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252998, encodeId=c7b7125299801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309010, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57413, encodeId=fad55e413b8, content=戒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57414, encodeId=516f5e414fd, content=牛吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57415, encodeId=ce145e4158b, content=五次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-15 lhlxtx
  7. 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topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed May 18 02:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59037, encodeId=79405903e6b, content=思维开阔, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59036, encodeId=a43e5903659, content=在临床也见过, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252998, encodeId=c7b7125299801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309010, 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  8. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252998, encodeId=c7b7125299801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309010, 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57415, encodeId=ce145e4158b, content=五次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-14 Lynee劲飞扬

    0

  9. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252998, encodeId=c7b7125299801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309010, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 10:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57413, encodeId=fad55e413b8, content=戒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57414, encodeId=516f5e414fd, content=牛吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57415, encodeId=ce145e4158b, content=五次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160113/IMG569619FEB03536446.jpg, createdBy=85f81678980, createdName=Lynee劲飞扬, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-14 Lynee劲飞扬

    牛吧

    0

  10. 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    2016-01-14 Lynee劲飞扬

    五次

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阿片类药物滥用所致的死亡事件是一个重大的公共卫生问题。与阿片类药物过量使用相关的死亡率从1999年到2008年几乎翻了两番。急性护理设置是阿片类药物处方的主要来源,通常是由于较轻的疾病和慢性非癌性疼痛。

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