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J Clin Oncol:术后补硒不能预防非小细胞肺癌患者发生第二原发肿瘤

2013-09-17 佚名 丁香园

研究要点: 1.本研究针对在切除治疗后进行补硒的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,对患者第二原发肿瘤的发病率进行了评价。 2.补硒虽然安全,但并不能在第二原发肿瘤预防方面取得获益。 有报告认为,肺癌患者通过补硒可取得化学预防的获益。对此,美国埃默里大学Fadlo R. Khur博士等人通过一项双盲、安慰剂对照试验,针对切除治疗后接受补硒治疗的非小细胞肺癌(N

研究要点:

1.本研究针对在切除治疗后进行补硒的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,对患者第二原发肿瘤的发病率进行了评价。

2.补硒虽然安全,但并不能在第二原发肿瘤预防方面取得获益。

有报告认为,肺癌患者通过补硒可取得化学预防的获益。对此,美国埃默里大学Fadlo R. Khur博士等人通过一项双盲、安慰剂对照试验,针对切除治疗后接受补硒治疗的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,旨在对患者第二原发肿瘤(SPT)的发病率作出评价。这项研究结果发表于2013年9月3日在线出版的《临床肿瘤学杂志》(Journal of Clinical Oncology)上。【原文下载】

该研究对接受完全切除的I期NSCLC患者进行了随机分配,患者每日服用200μg的富硒酵母或安慰剂,共进行48个月。参试者进入本研究的时间为术后6至36个月,入选研究的患者纵膈淋巴结活检结果呈阴性,无过量维生素摄入,肝脏功能正常,胸部X光透视结果呈阴性,且无其他复发迹象。

研究人员于2009年12月进行了首次中期分析,此时累积完成了46%的预定终点,结果显示,安慰剂组患者结果较好,试验得到阳性结果的可能性较低;据此终止了该项研究。研究共招募了1,772例参试者,对其中的1,561例患者进行了随机分配。

2011年6月份期间,研究人员又对分析结果进行了修订,此时已完成了54%的预定终点。共出现了252份SPT(224例患者),其中98份(97例患者)为肺癌。补硒组患者肺部及总SPT发生率分别为每100人年1.62及3.54,而安慰剂组则分别为每100人年1.30及3.39.31%的补硒者出现1至2级毒性事件,安慰剂组则为3%.患者依从性极佳。本研究未发现患者有糖尿病或皮肤癌增加趋势。

这项研究表明,对于切除治疗后的NSCLC患者,补硒虽然安全,但与安慰剂相比,补硒并不能在SPT方面取得获益。

研究背景:

肺癌为首要癌因性死亡诱因,因此亟需对其进行预防。然而,多种因素均可导致肺癌的形成,并且肺癌异质性的程度较高,这些均为获得有效的预防策略制造了障碍。吸烟为肺癌的主要风险因素,该因素可占肺癌病例总数的70%至90%,其他环境及职业曝露、家庭及饮食因素和可能的单基因突变也与肺癌的形成有关。即使吸烟者在戒烟后,在至少30至40年的时间内仍存在肺癌风险增加的可能,因此,在发达国家的全部新发肺癌病例中,既往吸烟者的比例接近一半。

初级化学预防旨在防止存在风险的健康个体罹患癌症。次级化学预防的目的是延滞或阻止癌前病变部位向癌症的演化。三级化学预防则关注于防止已完成根治性治疗的患者发生第二原发肿瘤(SPT)。

业已证明,过去利用β-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚及视类黄醇类药物进行初级及次级预防的尝试并未取得获益。 而利用维生素B12、叶酸、阿司匹林及前列腺素通路调节剂塞来昔布和伊洛前列素均取得了阳性结局。尽管在一些小规模的临床III期试验相关报告中,利用异维甲酸及棕榈酸视黄酯三级预防SPT形成取得了阳性结果,但另一些较大规模临床III期研究则报告称,通过低剂量棕榈酸视黄酯及13-顺视黄酸(维甲酸)的结果为阴性。

中国林县为鳞状细胞食管癌及腺型胃癌流行地区,针对该地区的一项研究称,补充微量元素硒、β-胡萝卜素和维生素E与较低的癌症死亡率有关。而随后一项针对超过2,000例参试者进行的研究结果表明,血液硒浓度与食管癌和胃癌发病率间存在显著的反向相关。

在癌症营养预防试验中,1,312例曾罹患基底细胞或鳞状细胞皮肤癌的参试者接受了随机分配,分别进行补硒或安慰剂治疗。分析结果表明,肺癌发生率降低与补硒间存在统计学意义上的显著关系。经过7.9年的较长时间随访后,该趋势仍然存在,但不再构成显著性差异。亚组分析结果表明,基线硒浓度较低个体的发病率得到了显著降低。该结论也得到了其他研究的支持。

原文下载

Karp DD, Lee SJ, Keller SM, Wright GS, Aisner S, Belinsky SA, Johnson DH, Johnston MR, Goodman G, Clamon G, Okawara G, Marks R, Frechette E, McCaskill-Stevens W, Lippman SM, Ruckdeschel J, Khuri FR.Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Chemoprevention Trial of Selenium Supplementation in Patients With Resected Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG 5597.J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 3. 


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    2013-11-25 minlingfeng
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