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Cell子刊:抗生素竟然帮助肠道致病菌“呼吸” 到底什么鬼?

2016-05-07 生物谷 生物谷

众所周知抗生素是对抗细菌感染的强力武器,但是最近一项研究发现抗生素还可能导致机体易受到感染,发生腹泻。   具体来说,肠道内的"好"细菌如何保护机体免受病原体如沙门氏菌的感染以及抗生素治疗如何促进致病菌生长至今没有得到完全了解。   来自美国加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员以小鼠为模型,发现了抗生素治疗后肠道中发生的一系列变化,这些变化致使致病菌的势头得到进一步扩

众所周知抗生素是对抗细菌感染的强力武器,但是最近一项研究发现抗生素还可能导致机体易受到感染,发生腹泻。
 
具体来说,肠道内的"好"细菌如何保护机体免受病原体如沙门氏菌的感染以及抗生素治疗如何促进致病菌生长至今没有得到完全了解。
 
来自美国加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员以小鼠为模型,发现了抗生素治疗后肠道中发生的一系列变化,这些变化致使致病菌的势头得到进一步扩大。
 
这项发现有非常重要的提示意义,扩展了目前对肠道微生物如何发生相互作用的认识,同时表明有必要寻找预防抗生素治疗副作用的新对策。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cell Host &Microbe上。
 
据文章作者所说,整个过程开始于抗生素杀死了肠道中的"好"细菌,其中包括分解植物纤维产生丁酸的细菌,丁酸是肠道中一种重要的有机酸,能够作为肠壁细胞的能量来源帮助吸收水分。代谢植物纤维的能力下降降低了肠壁细胞对氧气的消耗,导致肠道中氧气浓度增加,促进了沙门氏菌的生长。
 
肠道中许多有益菌都生活在厌氧环境,有的需要完全隔绝氧气,而抗生素治疗后,肠道内形成富含氧气的微环境,导致沙门氏菌等病原菌在有氧环境中生长迅速。换句话说,抗生素为肠道中的病原菌提供了"呼吸"的氧气。
 
其他研究也发现产生丁酸的微生物含量低与炎性肠病有关,但是仍然需要更多研究探究这些发现是否仅限于丁酸以及沙门氏菌的生长,同时还需要进一步确定人类肠道中是否也存在类似的机制来影响人类肠道健康。
 
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    2016-08-30 维他命
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    2016-05-11 吴教授

    肠道微生态对人体来说有用

    0

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    2016-05-09 jaysppr

    还是三大杂志科普内容多呀

    0

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    2016-05-09 QQ6709219e

    余越了解越迷茫

    0

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    2016-05-08 dhzzm

    是的,严格抗生素管理

    0

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    2016-05-08 jjzouyan

    乱用抗生素后果自负

    0

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人体中最多的成分是什么?细胞?基因?都不对,是微生物!它们的数量与人体细胞的比例达到10∶1。仅在我们人体肠道中,就含有超过100万亿个细菌,这些细菌有助于人体消化食物,产生维生素以预防食物中细菌所诱发的疾病,同时刺激免疫系统。肠壁中的所有这些细菌与身体的其余部分分离,肠壁作为一道选择性屏障发挥作用,只允许有用的物质通过,并在体内被吸收。随着研究深入,科学家发现肠道微生物在许多慢性疾病

PLoS One:肠道细菌有助于癌症的治疗!

已有研究人员表明,各种类型的肠道菌可能导致和预防肥胖,也会导致其他疾病。现在,加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的一项研究表明,它可能也被用来减少某些类型癌症的风险。这项研究结果于4月13日发表在《PLOS ONE》杂志,提供证据表明,抗炎性“健康有益”肠道菌,能减缓或停止某些类型癌症的发展。本研究资深作者、UCLA病理学、环境卫生科学和放射肿瘤学教授Robert Schiestl表示,最终,医生可能

Nature:挑战常规,绝大多数人肠道细菌能够在体外培养

研究人员在论文中写道,“环境中的艰难梭菌孢子在释放后长时间内具有高度传染性,通常在局部进行传播,但也能够潜在地快速扩散到较远的地方。”图片来自Wikimedia/Cjc2nd。 微生物几乎在地球每个环境中蓬勃生长,但是令人吃惊的是,已知当在实验室中培养时,只有一小部分能够茁壮成长。因此,研究人肠道微生物组主要采用基因组方法。如今,在一项新的研究中,通过将微生物培养实验和基因组方法结合在一起,来自

Biol Direct:在人类的肠道,有全新的第四种生命形式

我们的消化系统是细菌的港湾,它们怪异而奇妙。这些独特的住户不仅影响我们消化食物,甚至可能影响我们的思考和行为,而我们对此的理解才刚刚开始。新研究表明,人类肠道的境况比我们过去所认为的更加奇特。生物学家表示,为了描述这些小居民,我们可能需要定义一种全新类型的生命形式。巴黎第六大学的研究团队试图重新定义结肠内有机体的归类方式。它们研究了86个不同的基因家族,发现其DNA序列十分奇怪,不属于现今已知的三

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