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“基因魔剪”CRISPR或成镰状细胞贫血症克星

2016-10-14 佚名 生物谷

基因编辑技术正在成为人类对抗疑难杂症的利器。 当地时间10月12日,一篇关于利用CRISPR-Cas9技术治疗镰状细胞贫血症的论文,在美国学术期刊《科学·转化医学》上发表。由美国加州大学伯克利分校与旧金山分校以及犹他大学组成的研究团队,利用CRISPR-Cas9技术在体外成功修复干细胞中的致病突变基因,给镰状细胞贫血症患提供了潜在的治疗方法。 镰状细胞贫血症是一种遗传疾病,由血液细胞中的基

基因编辑技术正在成为人类对抗疑难杂症的利器。

当地时间10月12日,一篇关于利用CRISPR-Cas9技术治疗镰状细胞贫血症的论文,在美国学术期刊《科学·转化医学》上发表。由美国加州大学伯克利分校与旧金山分校以及犹他大学组成的研究团队,利用CRISPR-Cas9技术在体外成功修复干细胞中的致病突变基因,给镰状细胞贫血症患提供了潜在的治疗方法。

镰状细胞贫血症是一种遗传疾病,由血液细胞中的基因突变引起,导致担负运载氧功能的血红蛋白分子黏在一起,使得细胞呈镰刀状,由此得名。这些镰刀状的畸形细胞会导致血管阻塞,无法为组织输氧,从而引发贫血、疼痛甚至器官衰竭等症状。

据统计,每年全球大约有25万新生儿患有先天性镰状细胞贫血症。非洲裔美国人和生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的人们长期受到镰状细胞贫血病的侵扰。人类已经与之搏斗超过65年,CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术的加盟,让人类对抗镰状细胞贫血症有了新的武器。

所谓基因编辑技术指的是人类对目标基因进行“改造”,实现对特定DNA片段的敲除、加入等,在医学领域带来颠覆性革命。CRISPR-Cas9是第三代基因编辑技术,被称为“基因魔剪”。

近日发表的该研究正是运用了CRISPR-Cas9,思路很直接,即重写骨髓的造血干细胞中发生突变的基因序列,将致病突变基因修复掉。干细胞具有自我复制能力,这样一来,从理论上讲,镰状细胞贫血症患者可以摆脱该疾病的困扰。

在论文中,研究人员介绍,将使用CRISPR-Cas9“改造”过的干细胞移植到小鼠体内后,研究组发现,这些干细胞可以存活至少16个星期,同时没有产生副作用的迹象。在小鼠体内的试验释放了令人欣喜的信号,意味着这一治疗方法或许能在人体上适用。

“这是一个很重要的进步,因为这是第一次我们证实了干细胞经过一定程度的编辑改造后,能对镰状细胞贫血症患者的治疗有效果,”该论文其中一位作者Mark Walters如是说。Mark Walters是美国加州大学旧金山分校血液与骨髓移植项目(BMT)的负责人。

该论文的通讯作者、美国加州大学伯克利分校创新基因组计划(IGI)科技总监Jacob Corn透露,他们希望通过为患者重新注入“编辑”过的干细胞,从而缓解镰状细胞贫血症患者的病情。但Jacob Corn 坦言:“在这种治疗方法进入临床治疗之前,还有很多的工作需要去做,但我们对此有信心。”

被研究者认为需要在投入临床试验前解决的问题之一是效率。目前,该研究的效率仍待提高。当研究人员从患者身上提取造血干细胞,改造后在体外进行实验时,有缺陷的基因的修复效率是25%。但当研究人员将同样改造过的细胞移植到小鼠体内时,只有5%修复好的细胞能产生完好的血红蛋白。

据外媒报道,未来五年内,Mark Walters将和Jacob Corn继续合作,一起启动早期的人体临床试验,检验这种新的治疗方法。

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    2016-10-16 yuandd
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    2016-10-16 wangyunyb

    能代替原有干细胞吗

    0

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    2016-10-16 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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诺如病毒(norovirus)是在世界各地引发腹泻最常见的病毒,但目前科学家对它是如何感染人类,并导致疾病背后的机制依然知之甚少。这是因为,这种病毒在实验室中无法生长。值得庆幸的是,借助近几年快速发展的基因编辑技术,近日科学家终于有了重要的发现。8月18日,发表在Science上的一项研究中,来自华盛顿大学和Broad研究所的科学家小组在CRISPR/Cas9技术的帮助下,鉴定出了诺如病毒入侵细胞

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