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盘点:重磅:科学家发现心源性猝死的重要基因!大家珍重……丨临床大发现

2017-03-14 应雨妍 奇点原创

研究发表在心血管遗传学专科期刊《Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics》上[1]。研究人员发现,它的突变能够引起致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC),这是“看似很健康的”年轻人猝死的主要原因,发病群体大都在35岁以下。



“2016年6月29日晚,北京地铁6号线呼家楼站站台一男性乘客突然晕倒,多名热心乘客对其实施急救,但最终男子还是离世,年仅34岁。”

“6月30日早晨,南方医科大学附属南方医院创伤骨科主任医师金丹被发现在医院宿舍逝世,年仅45岁。据同事称,金医生离世前两天,仍从清早一直工作到深夜10时许,后因身体不适在宿舍休息。”

“警惕!不要再熬夜了!8月29日清晨,上海同济大学大二男生在军训集合前突然晕倒,送至医院后抢救无效死亡,怀疑是熬夜导致的猝死!”

这些触目惊心的新闻屡屡出现在我们的社交媒体首页上,于是“熬夜猝死”变成了一个大家都在谈论的话题,甚至还被做成了表情包。但是在“玩笑”的同时,大家似乎也没有特别把这些事情放在心上,都觉得“我这么健康,熬一下夜不打紧的”,可是,奇点糕忍不住要问一句,你怎么知道你就是“低猝死风险”的那群人呢?证据呢?

因此,为大家的健康操碎了心的奇点糕今天要介绍一个新鲜出炉的研究——来自加拿大、南非和意大利的国际研究小组发现了一个与年轻人猝死有关的重要基因——CDH2!

研究发表在心血管遗传学专科期刊《Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics》上[1]。研究人员发现,它的突变能够引起致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC),这是“看似很健康的”年轻人猝死的主要原因,发病群体大都在35岁以下。


ARVC患者心肌活检样本,黄色的为脂肪组织ARVC患者心肌活检样本,黄色的为脂肪组织

ARVC的病因目前所知甚少,家系研究认为它属于常染色体显性遗传病。患者的心肌纤维减少,被脂肪组织代替。由于ARVC是一种慢性进展性疾病,很多患者长期身体状况稳定,体检也无明显异常,有部分可见心律失常,因此常常不被重视,但一旦发病,心脏骤停、猝死的比例很高。

小组中来自开普敦大学的心脏病学教授Bongani Mayosi带领团队对一个南非的有ARVC遗传的家族进行了长达20年(1990-2010)的追踪研究,调查了3代人的发病状况。家族的第二代为四名女性,其中一名女性未结婚没有后代,而其余三名女性组成的家庭中,有两个家庭的第三代中发现了ARVC,其中有两个年轻人因此死亡。两人中的男孩死于1992年,21岁,他的妹妹因同样的症状死于24岁。


Bongani Mayosi教授

在过去大量的研究中,科学家们已经发现了几个与ARVC有关的基因(PKP2、DSP、DSC2、DSG2和JUP)[2,3],详见:致心律失常性心肌病患者或存在心肌信号传导紊乱

但这5个基因的突变最多只能够解释60%的ARVC的发病[4]。经过检测,研究人员排除了所有这些已知的基因的突变。为了进一步查明病因,他们对两个家庭中所有的患病成员进行了全外显子组测序(WES),也就是对他们基因组中所有的蛋白编码区进行测序。

结果让研究人员在13000多个共同基因变异中锁定了CDH2,CDH2编码产生钙粘蛋白2(Cadherin 2),这是一种在多个组织中表达的蛋白,负责细胞与细胞之间的粘附。在2005年以小鼠为模型的研究中,科学家发现,钙粘蛋白2缺失的小鼠会表现出心脏功能受损和扩张型心肌病等。实验的小鼠在两个月内因室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT)而猝死[5]。


钙粘蛋白2结构示意图

后来,研究人员在对另外一个家族中患有ARVC的患者进行基因测序时也发现了这一突变,因此,他们认为CDH2的突变的确是造成ARVC的一个原因。

对于这个结果,研究人员认为,它有非常重要的意义,如果家族中有ARVC患者,携带CDH2突变的话,那么其他的家族成员就要十分小心了,最好通过基因检测鉴定自己是否携带这一突变,尽早采取预防措施。他们认为,这样的做法能够显着减少年轻人猝死的数量。当然,研究人员也指出了这个研究的局限性,他们认为后续还需要更大型的队列研究来评估CDH2突变的重要性。

看完了这个研究不知道大家有没有一些触动啊?所以说,有时候我们看上去很健康,但也许基因层面的风险已经在悄悄地逼近了。现在,基因测序的技术飞速发展,一代测序已经很成熟了,三代测序也在慢慢地打开市场,国内也有一些很有潜力的面向大众的基因检测公司,希望能更好地了解自己的健康风险的朋友们,不妨去做个基因检测看看哦!

原始出处:

[1] Bongani M. Mayosi et al. Identification of Cadherin 2 (CDH2) Mutations in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics.2017 Mar.

[2] Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Redwood C. Inherited cardiomyopathies. N Engl J Med. 2011.

[3] van Tintelen JP, Entius MM, Bhuiyan ZA, et al. Plakophilin-2 mutations are the major determinant of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2006;113:1650–1658.

[4] Lazzarini E, Jongbloed JD, Pilichou K, et al. The ARVD/C genetic variants database: 2014 update. Hum Mutat. 2015;36:403–410.

[5] Kostetskii I, Li J, Xiong Y, Zhou R, Ferrari VA, Patel VV, Molkentin JD, Radice GL (February 2005). “Induced deletion of the N-cadherin gene in the heart leads to dissolution of the intercalated disc structure”.Circulation Research. 96 (3): 346–54.

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    2017-03-17 1039415152

    谢谢分享

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    2017-03-15 xxxx1054
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    2017-03-15 mhm295
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    2017-03-15 jyzxjiangqin

    心源性猝的重要基因。

    0

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    2017-03-14 cuiyejia

    好文章,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-03-14 shaosai

    好好学习,涨知识

    0

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    2017-03-14 shaosai

    好好学习,涨知识

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