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化学已经日落西山?为何诺贝尔化学奖经常给生物学家?

2015-10-09 路人丙 美中药源

今年诺贝尔化学奖授予英国科学家托马斯·林达尔和美国科学家保罗·莫德里奇和阿齐兹·桑贾尔,奖励他们在DNA修复研究方面的杰出贡献。这是过去20年里差不多第10次诺贝尔化学奖授予传统化学之外的研究(主要是生物研究)。这是什么情况?难道化学已经英雄迟暮,没有振奋人心的研究方向了? 诺贝尔的遗嘱写明奖励包括化学在内的能够为人类受益最大的科学家。对人类受益的解读似乎越来越偏向技术的颠覆程度,是否真


今年诺贝尔化学奖授予英国科学家托马斯·林达尔和美国科学家保罗·莫德里奇和阿齐兹·桑贾尔,奖励他们在DNA修复研究方面的杰出贡献。这是过去20年里差不多第10次诺贝尔化学奖授予传统化学之外的研究(主要是生物研究)。这是什么情况?难道化学已经英雄迟暮,没有振奋人心的研究方向了?

诺贝尔的遗嘱写明奖励包括化学在内的能够为人类受益最大的科学家。对人类受益的解读似乎越来越偏向技术的颠覆程度,是否真正让人类受益并非是最主要的考虑,因为真正解除人类疾苦的发明和发现并未受到相应表彰。近些年诺奖委员会对学科的解读也令人有点匪夷所思,尤其是化学,基本成了化学和生物平分秋色的局面。GPCR、离子通道、DNA修复这些工作无疑非常重要,但这些工作是否推动和颠覆了化学这门学科实在值得商榷。今年的医学奖其实更接近化学,因为三个获奖者都应该算是天然产物化学家。

有人说DNA修复本质是化学反应,这当然并没有错误,但如果按这么广义的定义医学奖和化学奖可以合并了。这些问题当然十分重要,现在针对DNA修复的药物如PARP抑制剂已经上市,所以已经令人类受益,但这些研究最多是用化学工具解决了非化学的问题。

化学被称作是中心学科(central science),可能正是这个原因令化学研究铺的面太宽,从能源、纳米材料、到化学生物学,化学可以成为非常有效的工具。这为新一代化学家把化学技能转化成新知识提供了一个更为简洁的途径。与其解决化学的核心问题,不如用化学技术解决相关学科的难题,如化学生物学。常言道行百里而半九十,成熟的学科更难以出现颠覆性成就,但像化学生物学这样的新兴学科还处在圈地的状态。

难道化学真的没有激动人心的领域了吗?我看未必。高效捕捉太阳能,无污染大规模生产化工产品,设计高度选择的蛋白配体等都是可以令人类高度受益的领域。但目前整个社会并未把这些作为最主要的科学问题,对生命科学的倾斜支持显然为化学家的研究起了导向作用。科学的分化发展当然是好事,但是DNA修复算是化学工作吗?是否应该尊重诺贝尔的遗嘱而为生命科学另设其它奖励?当然化学家们也应该更积极寻找和治疗癌症一样激动人心的化学问题。 希望明年的化学诺奖老夫不用google就能明白其重要性。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764125, encodeId=72871e6412511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59f69194388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺贝尔化学奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91943, encryptionId=59f69194388, topicName=诺贝尔化学奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e62637632789, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Mar 19 21:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38527, encodeId=95083852efc, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38528, encodeId=8e713852860, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=220, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38529, encodeId=ecc43852944, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=210, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38530, encodeId=394a3853032, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617773, encodeId=09cd161e77334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 00:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-12 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写的很好

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764125, encodeId=72871e6412511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59f69194388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺贝尔化学奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91943, encryptionId=59f69194388, topicName=诺贝尔化学奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e62637632789, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Mar 19 21:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38527, encodeId=95083852efc, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38528, encodeId=8e713852860, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=220, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38529, encodeId=ecc43852944, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=210, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38530, encodeId=394a3853032, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617773, encodeId=09cd161e77334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 00:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-12 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写的很好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764125, encodeId=72871e6412511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59f69194388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺贝尔化学奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91943, encryptionId=59f69194388, topicName=诺贝尔化学奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e62637632789, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Mar 19 21:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38527, encodeId=95083852efc, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38528, encodeId=8e713852860, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=220, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38529, encodeId=ecc43852944, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=210, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38530, encodeId=394a3853032, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617773, encodeId=09cd161e77334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 00:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-12 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写的很好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764125, encodeId=72871e6412511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59f69194388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺贝尔化学奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91943, encryptionId=59f69194388, topicName=诺贝尔化学奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e62637632789, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Mar 19 21:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38527, encodeId=95083852efc, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38528, encodeId=8e713852860, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=220, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38529, encodeId=ecc43852944, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=210, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38530, encodeId=394a3853032, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617773, encodeId=09cd161e77334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 00:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-12 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写的很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764125, encodeId=72871e6412511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59f69194388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺贝尔化学奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91943, encryptionId=59f69194388, topicName=诺贝尔化学奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e62637632789, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Mar 19 21:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38527, encodeId=95083852efc, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38528, encodeId=8e713852860, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=220, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38529, encodeId=ecc43852944, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=210, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38530, encodeId=394a3853032, content=这篇文章写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 13:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617773, encodeId=09cd161e77334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 00:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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