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中医药在高龄女性助孕安胎的应用

2016-06-09 佚名 医学论坛网

不同年龄阶段的不孕发生率为:20—24岁≈6%;25—29岁≈9%;30—34岁≈15%;35—39岁≈30%;40—44岁≈64%。≥35岁不孕的发生率明显增加。 自然流产的情况也同样是这样:高龄妇女妊娠(包括自然妊娠或辅助生育)流产率较高;包括早早孕流产(生化妊娠);胚胎停止发育;复发性流产。 中医在解释年龄与生育问题上,提出女性生殖调节的理论:肾—天癸—冲任—胞宫轴 ①肾是起主导作

不同年龄阶段的不孕发生率为:20—24岁≈6%;25—29岁≈9%;30—34岁≈15%;35—39岁≈30%;40—44岁≈64%。≥35岁不孕的发生率明显增加。

自然流产的情况也同样是这样:高龄妇女妊娠(包括自然妊娠或辅助生育)流产率较高;包括早早孕流产(生化妊娠);胚胎停止发育;复发性流产。

中医在解释年龄与生育问题上,提出女性生殖调节的理论:肾—天癸—冲任—胞宫轴

①肾是起主导作用:主藏精,为先天之本,元阴、元阳之宅,冲任之本,促使天癸成熟。

②天癸是促进生长、发育和生殖的阴精,月经产生的动力。随肾气的盛衰而“至”或“竭”,通过调节冲任而司生殖。

③冲任:冲为血海,任为一身之阴经,并主胞胎。在天癸作用下,任脉所司之阴精充沛,冲脉聚脏腑之血,并下注于胞宫。

④胞宫则主月经与孕育,藏泻有期。受肾、肝的藏泄调控、冲任督脉的调节,带脉的约束,血海定期满盈,月经按时来潮。

在这个有节律性生理变化的过程中,也受到其他脏腑、经络的影响:

①肝是主藏血、疏泄,肝肾精血互补,共司子宫藏泻。

②脾则主运化、统血,为后天之本。脾肾先后天互生,源泉不竭。

③心主血,通过胞脉联系子宫。

④肺主气,朝百脉,调节气血之运行。

⑤督脉主阳经,与任脉共同维系阴阳脉气的平衡。

⑥带脉为络胞而过,约束诸经及子宫。督脉与带脉从中起到协助的作用。

高龄不孕不育的中医病机

①肾虚:肾主封藏,为先天之本。肾虚则天癸竭。

②脾虚:脾主运化,为后天之本。五七阳明脉衰。

③血瘀:瘀阻冲任、胞宫,枢机不利。

④脾虚痰温:水温失于运化,痰温壅阻冲任。

⑤肝郁肾虚:藏泻失司,冲任不能相资。

⑥肾虚血瘀:天癸不充,气血运行不畅。

对以上患者我们采取的治疗原则是调理脾肾气血,先天与后天并重。预培其损—孕前治疗、孕后积极安胎。中药则是以汤剂、膏方和中成药为主。针灸采用经穴刺激及艾灸。饮食通过药膳来调理。

中医周期疗法:

经后期—滋肾阴,养肝血。

经间期—温肾助阳,调理气血,促进阴阳转化。

经前期—平补肾气,和调气血。

月经期—疏肝行气,理血调经。

对症下药:

⑴卵巢储备低下:临床特点:>35岁,月经量少。临床检验:血清FSH>LH,或卵泡早期FSH>10TU/L,AMH低水平;B超提示子宫内膜不足8mm;促排卵治疗提示卵泡数目少,或优势卵泡<16mm。对于这类患者,建议在再次促排卵前,中医治疗3个周期。

中医证候:以肾虚,肝肾阴虚,脾肾阳虚较为常见。治疗方法:补肾填精,益气养血。方药:左归丸加鹿角胶、阿胶、黄精、仙灵脾熟地、山茱萸、菟丝子、茯苓、枸杞子、当归、淮山药、炒杜仲。中成药:滋肾育胎丸、坤泰胶囊、左归丸、胎宝胶囊、复方阿胶浆。膏方:调经养血膏、养血育麟膏。

坤泰胶囊联合孕激素预处理DOR及促排治疗:①预处理方案:坤泰胶囊+芬吗通,月经3d-28d,连用3个周期。②促排方案:来曲唑+HMG。主要观察指标:FSH、LH、E2、AMH、AFC、PSV(卵巢动脉血流指标)、妊娠率。通过研究发现,LE+HMG促排治疗妊娠率为12.28%,高于文献报道的5-10%。

在饮食调理方面,建议肾虚的患者炖服雪蛤5-10克,菟丝子30克,芡实30克。对于脾虚的患者可以炖煮山药30-50克,枸杞15克,陈皮5克来改善。而气血不足、面色不好患者,可用红参10克,阿胶10克,陈皮10克来炖汤。


⑵卵巢早衰:临床特点:<40岁,月经稀发、量少或闭经、潮热、多汗、烦躁、失眠、性欲低下、阴道干涩。临床检验:血清FSH>40iu/L,E2下降,AMH<1。子宫内膜菲薄,卵巢体积缩小。

这类患者约5%有机会获得偶发排卵和妊娠,在诊治的患者中,已有两位患者是在治疗过程中自然妊娠。

人工周期有助于维持维持月经于子宫内膜的状态,减轻绝经综合症,提高生活质量。

中医证候:以肾虚,肝肾阴虚,脾肾阳虚、心肾不交较为常见。治疗用补肾填精,养血宁心的方法。方药:左归丸加当归、鸡血藤、仙灵牌、珍珠母、五味子、酸枣仁。熟地黄、山茱萸、山药、枸杞、牛膝、菟丝子、鹿胶、龟胶。膏方:鹿胎膏、养血育麟膏。中成药:左归丸、坤泰胶囊、滋肾育胎丸、定坤丹。

配合饮食调养及情志疏导。

针灸疗法,对于肾虚患者:关元、三阴交、肾俞、补法;对于脾虚患者:足三里、气海、三阴交、补法。穴位低频治疗:韩氏仪、子午流注治疗仪。

足浴可加桂枝30-50克、艾叶30克、红花15克。

左归丸对卵巢早衰小鼠免疫功能影响的研究:以ZP3为抗原,皮下多点注射免疫BALB/C雌性小鼠建立免疫性卵巢早衰模型。模型小鼠脾淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+明显减少、CD4+/ CD8+比值增高、外周血抗卵巢抗体(AoAb)阳性,抗透明带抗体(AZpAb)明显增加。左归丸干预后发现可调节POF小鼠CD4+/ CD8+平衡,抑制AoAb、AZpAb的产生;调控POF小鼠卵巢卵泡凋亡相关蛋白的表达,从而抑制POF小鼠卵泡过度凋亡。

⑶排卵后的助孕治疗也是相当重要的:临床特点:自然周期或促排卵周期,有优势卵泡。B超监测卵泡,确定排卵,了解子宫内膜厚度。

治疗方法:补肾健脾,益气养血。方药:滋肾育胎丸,归肾丸(熟地、山药、山茱萸、茯苓、当归、枸杞、杜仲、菟丝子)加党参、阿胶、芡实。

滋肾育胎丸是全国名老中医罗元恺教授的经验方,功效:补肾健脾,养血安胎。主要用于习惯性流产或先兆流产,也可改善促排卵后子宫内膜容受性、增加了血清P水平,有效提高IVF-ET患者种植率、卵子质量和临床妊娠率,可治疗卵泡发育欠佳(卵泡直径小于18mm)的不孕症。2013年上海计生所完成的长期毒性试验及生殖毒性试验显示滋肾育胎丸具有良好的安全性。

在辅助生殖技术中的应用:

①术前调理:提高卵巢反应性,降低促排卵药物用量,减少对卵巢的过度刺激。促进卵泡发育成熟和排卵,提高卵子质量。

②术中配合:增加卵巢和子宫的血液供应,改善微循环,提供良好内环境。增加子宫内膜容受性,提高胚胎移植成功率。

③术后保胎:改善黄体功能,调节内分泌,提高妊娠率。补肾健脾,养血安胎。



相关会议推荐
2016天然药物研讨会:http://www.bioon.com/z/2016natural-products/Index.shtml

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    2016-09-04 ylzr123

    赞!好文章,拜读,值得深入学习!

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    2016-06-11 cathymary
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    2016-06-11 xlysu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110841, encodeId=e4de110841c3, content=赞!好文章,拜读,值得深入学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 14:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066078, encodeId=ca4520660e814, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a691028281c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高龄女性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102828, encryptionId=6a691028281c, topicName=高龄女性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ab72500038, createdName=124985dbm06(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Feb 18 14:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408750, encodeId=f1dd1408e500f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 09:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416039, encodeId=0ac114160392c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99fb1028231b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高龄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102823, encryptionId=99fb1028231b, topicName=高龄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=307c3130149, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 09:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89322, encodeId=3dfc89322d6, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89323, encodeId=7e718932385, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-11 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

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    2016-06-11 milkshark

    值得研究

    0

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