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导管“捅出”了主动脉夹层?真相出乎意料!

2018-12-13 文烈心 医学界心血管频道

主动脉夹层怎么在CTA下“隐形”了?

胸痛中心值班,凌晨6点,迷迷糊糊醒了,刚在庆幸,难得一夜无事,老是一夜无眠的我也被幸运女神眷顾一回。猛然,抢救室来电的特殊铃声打破了这美好的寂静。

突发背痛,CTA无“夹层”征象

病例

患者,男,47岁,4点钟睡眠中突然出现背痛疼醒,程度剧烈,性质及范围描述不清,伴大汗,有胸闷,位于胸骨上段至咽喉,有明显紧缩感,无恶心呕吐,无意识丧失。

5点钟至急诊,测血压140/88 mmHg,心率109 次/每分,急查心电图提示“窦性心律,下壁导联ST段上抬0.1 mV”,肌钙蛋白阴性,心超提示“下壁似有节段性室壁运动异常,升主动脉及根部内径稍增宽,主动脉瓣轻度返流。”

已行主动脉CTA检查,初步看,无主动脉夹层征象,放射科正在进一步做图像后处理。抽烟,不喝酒,有高血压病史3年,未服药,未监测,无冠心病家族史。

一听,心想,还好,不是明确的急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)病例,那就去看看吧。披上衣服,下楼梯。走到抢救室,放射科把CT图像重建也都做好了,这效率,真赞。


图1:冠状面和矢状面CT图像


图2:三维重建


行PCI突现“一团黑影”,惊出一身冷汗!

从图像看,确实没有明显的主动脉夹层征象。查看病人,疼痛确实挺剧烈的,脸上还能看到细汗。急诊的兄弟也算尽力了,心电图、肌钙蛋白又复查了一遍,也没明确的阳性表现。推算发病时间倒也不久,还是得考虑急性心梗可能,那就做导管吧,检查一下也好。经患方同意后,启动急诊PCI流程。

右冠造影,血管光滑;左冠造影,冠脉好像也没什么问题。血栓自溶了?反复看了几遍造影图像,突然发现左上角似乎有团造影剂。


图3:左右冠脉造影

不知道是什么,那就换猪尾巴导管做个左心室造影吧,看看室壁运动,不会是心碎综合征吧?


图4

显出个不祥的黑影(图4),这主动脉根部是什么?!调整猪尾巴导管到主动脉瓣上,轻柔大力手推造影,轻柔大力这词不矛盾,干过这活的能体会。


图5

这鬼,终于显出来了。

主动脉夹层!

好郁闷,好不解,不是做过CTA了吗,主动脉CTA排除主动脉夹层的可靠率不是号称接近100%吗,有这么坑的吗!

什么!导管“捅出来”的主动脉夹层?

马上呼叫心脏外科的兄弟。

兄弟来了,第一句话“噗嗤”一刀扎心了。他说,“哥们,这夹层不会是你导管捅出来的吧”,我顿时石化了。这导管操作相关主动脉夹层,虽然有听说过,图谱上读到过、期刊上看到过,但还真没碰到过;再说,这么轻柔的做个冠脉造影,他的主动脉又不是豆腐渣做的。

哥们见我不解,接着“补刀”。“你看这夹层这么局限,完全不符合一般的自发主动脉夹层的形态,又刚好在左冠脉上方,真的好点像导管操作造成的。”石化的我,似乎崩裂开了千条缝。

哥们看我还呆着,意犹未尽,最后大招,“你们介入前病人做过主动脉CTA没有夹层,现在有了”。已成碎片的我似乎被丢进粉碎机被碾成了粉末,徒留一地渣渣。

再看CTA和造影,真相终于大白!

我默默的又点开了一遍主动脉CTA,这证据,我要再细细浏览一遍。主动脉内真的没有明显的内膜片、真假腔。但是,突然发现,主动脉外,却有夹层的征象。

请看,前纵隔是不是有新月形的血肿,这血肿怎么解释?虽然纵隔血肿是间接征象,但也是重要表现。

再浏览一遍CT和造影,就解释通了。通过造影图像可以知道主动脉夹层确实是局限的,这确实不典型。但这CTA呢,也不典型啊!

首先,通过重建可以明显发现,存在显著的运动伪影,主动脉壁显得坑坑洼洼,这样的运动伪影完全可以覆盖掉这局限的夹层。毕竟是后半夜,一个急性胸痛的病人,那能那么高质量的屏气,这CT也不是高大上那种。


图6:CTA图像

这一通解释,感觉我又复活了。

闲话少说,这主动脉夹层,得开胸手术,这下轮到心脏外科的哥们呆住了。他麻溜的准备手术去了。事后,术中照片也证实主动脉夹层,局限于左冠开口上方。

(下方内容可能引起不适)


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    2018-12-20 topnew

    厉害厉害,必须点赞

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    2018-12-14 jyzxjiangqin

    导管捅出主动脉夹层。

    0

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    2018-12-14 smartxiuxiu

    引以为戒引以为戒!

    0

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本研究的目的旨在比较和评估美国关键高风险CoreValve 临床试验中经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)和外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)的5年预后。本次临床试验将外科高风险患者随机1:1分至自膨式TAVR组和SAVR组,严重血流动力学结构瓣膜恶化定义为平均跨瓣压差 ≥40 mm Hg或压差改变≥20 mm Hg或新发的严重主动脉瓣反流。最终纳入了来自45个美国医疗中心的750名手术患者(TAVR =

JACC:外科主动脉瓣置换术较经导管术后早期主要卒中发生风险更高

经股经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TF-TAVR)在治疗主动脉瓣狭窄中的应用越来越广泛,但其术后的卒中发生风险尚不清楚。本研究的目的旨在比较和评估外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)和TF-TAVR术后的生活质量与卒中发生的关系。本研究纳入了PARTNER 临床研究中的1204对因严重主动脉瓣狭窄接受SAVR和TF-TAVR治疗的患者,临床结局是:1. 30天的神经病学事件;2. 术后早期(≤7天)和晚期(7天

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