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AJG:褐藻酸盐可保护食管粘膜减轻反流症状

2013-06-21 AJG dxy

目前对胃食管反流患者不存在食管糜烂而存在烧心症状的机制仍不十分清楚。质子泵抑制剂是常规用于治疗胃食管反流病的药物,且对存在食管糜烂患者应答率在70%-80%。而不存在食管糜烂的患者对质子泵抑制剂的有效应答率明显低于这一水平,或仅表现为部分应答。 虽然大多数非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者仅存在反流症状而食管粘膜并无肉眼损害,但食管粘膜完整性屏障是否存在着微病变或者功能不良仍不确定。进一步了解非糜烂性烧心

目前对胃食管反流患者不存在食管糜烂而存在烧心症状的机制仍不十分清楚。质子泵抑制剂是常规用于治疗胃食管反流病的药物,且对存在食管糜烂患者应答率在70%-80%。而不存在食管糜烂的患者对质子泵抑制剂的有效应答率明显低于这一水平,或仅表现为部分应答。

虽然大多数非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者仅存在反流症状而食管粘膜并无肉眼损害,但食管粘膜完整性屏障是否存在着微病变或者功能不良仍不确定。进一步了解非糜烂性烧心症状出现的病理生理学机制将对该类患者提供更好的治疗策略。食管粘膜屏障的完整性是防止出现胃食管反流症状的主要机制。该粘膜屏障的损伤可以造成明显的炎症也可以造成糜烂性反流疾病。

反流物质造成食管粘膜屏障完整性的损伤也可通过影响渗透压而刺激上皮细胞产生可以激活损伤反应的介质或者直接激活损伤反应机制而不造成明显的炎症反应,从而引起超微结构的改变。在体外,利用扩散池法可以检测跨膜电阻的改变,也可测量出上皮细胞对小分子物质通透性的改变。前期研究结果表明,褐藻酸盐溶液虽然对预防食管炎的发展无显著效果,但可以影响食管粘膜完整性功能性损伤,从而引起症状的缓解。

基于上述理论,英国伦敦大学玛丽女王学院医学和牙科学院的Philip Woodland等人证实食管粘膜屏障完整而存在烧心症状的患者与糜烂性食管炎患者有着不同的引起症状的机制,更容易受到酸性和弱酸性环境的影响。体外实验证实预防性使用含有褐藻酸盐成分的溶液对这种脆弱粘膜有一定的保护作用。这一结果发表在2013年5月的The American journal of Gastroenterology上。

整个食管粘膜的完整性对防止在胃食管反流事件发生时出现症状至关重要。约70%存在烧心症状的患者从宏观上观察食管粘膜是正常的。对食管粘膜完整性屏障持续性功能性的损伤是存在烧心症状患者症状残留的原因。增强局部脆弱易损伤粘膜的保护性功能是一个很有吸引力的治疗策略。

本研究的目的在于对于存在烧心症状而无食管炎的患者评估食管粘膜功能完整性进行评估,并检测一种以褐藻酸盐溶液为基础的粘膜保护治疗方案的可行性。

分别从22名存在烧心症状的患者及22名正常对照人群中取3块远端食管粘膜进行活检。将活检组织放入微型尤斯灌流室中,分别采用中性溶液、弱酸溶液以及酸溶液进行刺激,检测刺激前后跨膜电阻值的变化情况。

然后另选择10名患者,活检3块食管粘膜,分别使用褐藻酸盐溶液、粘性对照(与褐藻酸盐溶液具有相似的粘度及pH但不含有褐藻酸盐的溶液)以及液体对照(pH为7.4的柠檬酸盐缓冲液)预处理食管粘膜,然后进行相同的检测。

结果显示:活检组织在中性溶液中,作用前后跨膜电阻值并无变化。暴露于弱酸或酸性溶液中时,患者人群跨膜电阻值降低水平比正常对照人群更为显著,患者人群弱酸环境为-7.2%,95%可信区间(-9.9至-4.5)。正常对照弱酸环境为3.2 %,95%可信区间(-2.2至8.6),两者比较P< 0.05。患者人群在酸性环境中跨膜电阻值变化为-22.8 %,95%可信区间(-31.4至14.1),正常对照在酸环境为-9.4%,95%可信区间(-17.2至-1.6),两者比较P< 0.01。

使用褐藻酸盐溶液而非对照溶液预处理食管粘膜后可以预防酸诱导的跨膜电阻的降低。褐藻酸盐溶液、粘性对照及溶液对照预处理组跨膜电阻变化分别为-1 % (95%可信区间(-5.9 至3.9))、-13.5%(95%可信区间(-24.1 至- 3.0))以及13.2%(95%可信区间(-21.7 至-4.8)),三者比较P< 0.05。

由此作者得出结论具有烧心症状而无食管炎的患者的食管粘膜对弱酸和酸环境更为敏感,更容易受到影响。体外实验证实局部应用含有褐藻酸盐成分的药物对这种易感状态下的粘膜可能存在一定的保护作用。

Assessment and protection of esophageal mucosal integrity in patients with heartburn without esophagitis.
OBJECTIVES
Intact esophageal mucosal integrity is essential to prevent symptoms during gastroesophageal reflux events. Approximately 70% of patients with heartburn have macroscopically normal esophageal mucosa. In patients with heartburn, persistent functional impairment of esophageal mucosal barrier integrity may underlie remaining symptoms. Topical protection of a functionally vulnerable mucosa may be an attractive therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate esophageal mucosal functional integrity in patients with heartburn without esophagitis, and test the feasibility of an alginate-based topical mucosal protection.
METHODS
Three distal esophageal biopsies were obtained from 22 patients with heartburn symptoms, and 22 control subjects. In mini-Ussing chambers, the change in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of biopsies when exposed to neutral, weakly acidic, and acidic solutions was measured. The experiment was repeated in a further 10 patients after pretreatment of biopsies with sodium alginate, viscous control, or liquid control "protectant" solutions.
RESULTS
Biopsy exposure to neutral solution caused no change in TER. Exposure to weakly acidic and acidic solutions caused a greater reduction in TER in patients than in controls (weakly acid -7.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) -9.9 to -4.5) vs. 3.2% (-2.2 to 8.6), P<0.05; acidic -22.8% (-31.4 to 14.1) vs. -9.4% (-17.2 to -1.6), P<0.01). Topical pretreatment with alginate but not with control solutions prevented the acid-induced decrease in TER (-1% (-5.9 to 3.9) vs. -13.5 (-24.1 to -3.0) vs. -13.2 (-21.7 to -4.8), P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Esophageal mucosa in patients with heartburn without esophagitis shows distinct vulnerability to acid and weakly acidic exposures. Experiments in vitro suggest that such vulnerable mucosa may be protected by application of an alginate-containing topical solution.

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    2014-05-13 minzju5052
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    2014-01-14 hb2008ye
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    2013-06-23 zhouqu_8
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    2013-06-23 feifers
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