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NAT MICROBIOL:新分离的人类肠道细菌揭示了其与抑郁症的可能联系

2019-02-14 海北 网络

肠道微生物群影响许多重要的宿主功能,包括免疫反应和神经系统。

肠道微生物群影响许多重要的宿主功能,包括免疫反应和神经系统。然而,虽然研究人员已经在多种微生物的培育方面取得了实质性进展,但居住在人体肠道中的物种仍有23-65%未被培养,这是理解其生物学作用的障碍。

这种不可培养性的一个可能原因是人工培养基中没有原位邻近细菌提供的关键生长因子。

在最近的一项研究中,研究人员使用共培养来分离KLE1738,其需要脆弱拟杆菌的存在才能生长。研究人员分离纯化了脆弱拟杆菌上清液,并测定其中的生长因子。

令人惊讶地是,其中具有主要的抑制性神经递质GABAγ-氨基丁酸)。GABA是唯一支持KLE1738生长的测试营养素,基因组分析支持GABA依赖的代谢机制。

利用KLE1738的生长指标,研究人员分离了多种产生GABA的细菌,并发现了拟杆菌ssp,其可以产生大量的GABA

基于基因组的人类肠道微生物群的代谢模型揭示了预测具有产生或消耗GABA能力的多个属。来自健康个体的人粪便样品的转录组分析显示,产生GABA的途径由拟杆菌属(Bacteroides),拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)和埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)物种活跃地表达。通过将16S核糖体RNA测序与功能性磁共振成像结合,在患有重度抑郁症(一种与GABA介导的反应改变相关的疾病)的患者中,研究人员发现粪便拟杆菌的相对丰度水平与抑郁症相关的脑特征呈负相关。


原始出处:

Philip Strandwitz et al. GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota. NAT MICROBIOL, 2018; doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0307-3


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    2019-09-15 liye789132251
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    2019-10-09 xjy02
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    2020-01-25 sunylz
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