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儿童节,关注儿童癫痫

2015-06-01 MedSci 新浪健康

我国约有900万癫痫患者(包括成人和儿童),每年有约40万的新发患者,其中超过一半是儿童。癫痫疾病给患儿的身心发育、社会能力、家庭带来极大的影响。小儿癫痫如不及早正确诊断、正规治疗,对儿童的身体、心理和智力都有较大影响。如果孩子出现癫痫持续状态,有可能会危及生命。需要整个社会给与这部分患儿、家庭理解和支持,拒绝歧视、还给癫痫儿童正常欢乐的童年。癫痫是神经系统疾病中仅次于脑血管疾病的第二大顽症,是大

我国约有900万癫痫患者(包括成人和儿童),每年有约40万的新发患者,其中超过一半是儿童。癫痫疾病给患儿的身心发育、社会能力、家庭带来极大的影响。小儿癫痫如不及早正确诊断、正规治疗,对儿童的身体、心理和智力都有较大影响。如果孩子出现癫痫持续状态,有可能会危及生命。需要整个社会给与这部分患儿、家庭理解和支持,拒绝歧视、还给癫痫儿童正常欢乐的童年。

癫痫是神经系统疾病中仅次于脑血管疾病的第二大顽症,是大脑神经元突发性超同步异常放电所致短暂的大脑功能失调的一种慢性脑部疾病,具有突然性和一过性的特点。由于大脑中每个部位的神经元都有可能出现异常放电的情况,所以有多种多样的表现,换言之,大脑有多少功能,就有多少癫痫发作症状的存在。

癫痫发作分全面性发作和部分性发作两大类,突然晕倒、全身抽搐、四肢僵硬、口吐白沫这种属于全面性发作里的全面性强直阵挛发作,也就是大发作,比较明显的发作。在儿童癫痫患者中,约2/3 的患者表现为部分性发作,即孩子出现一侧肢体包括口角、眼睑或手指的短暂抽动,偏斜,或某些部位的麻木针刺感,有些还会出现短暂性意识丧失等。这些和家长印象里的癫痫症状有较大差别,这也是导致很多家长掉以轻心、没有足够重视从而导致不去就医或延误就医、漏诊的主要原因。

儿童癫痫的治疗

脑电图检查是诊断癫痫和癫痫发作的最重要手段,也是癫痫和癫痫发作‘国际分类’的重要依据。它是用电极连接在头皮上,把大脑的生物电流传送到脑电图记录仪上,本身对人体没有任何不良影响,家长大可不必担心。此外癫痫患者由于发病原因不尽相同,在确诊或制定治疗方案时,有可能还要做头颅CT和头部MRI(头部磁共振成像)。家长应尽量配合医生建议孩子做的检查,从而为医生提供制定有效治疗方案的条件。

目前世界公认治疗癫痫效果最好、最安全的方法是药物治疗,只要早发现、早诊断、规范治疗,儿童癫痫治愈率可达80%。抗癫痫药的原理是使体内药物的浓度保持一定的水平,从而控制癫痫的发作。发作吃、不发作不吃很容易导致药物失效,癫痫得不到很好的控制,甚至越来越严重。但很多家长对癫痫的药物治疗认识存在误区,总是担心药物会影响孩子的身体发育和智力发育,孩子发作时才让孩子吃药,不发作就擅自停药,导致孩子病情恶化。

药物治疗原则

⒈癫痫药物选择应对症下药:癫痫病有很多种发作类型,不同的类型都有针对性的药物。如果药不对症,不但治不好病,还会增加药物的不良反应。因此,治疗癫痫首先要根据患者发作的类型和特点来合理选药。

⒉痫药物选择应看药物质量:很多经典的、传统的老药都有明显的认知功能的改变,而随着对癫痫治疗研究的不断深入,一些副作用小的抗癫痫药物也已经问世了。如果有条件的话,可以尽量选择这类低毒的抗癫痫药。

⒊服药期间定期监测:要减轻药物的不良反应,就一定要严格控制用量。而要确定能控制癫痫发作的最小剂量,就必须定期监测血药浓度、肝肾功能等指标,注意观察异常现象的出现,以便及时停药、调药。

癫痫是儿童最常见的疾病之一,极大危害着儿童的身心健康。早发现早治疗是预防和治疗儿童癫痫的正确选择。同时,社会也应给予这部分儿童更多的关注,提供必要的支持,拒绝歧视癫痫患者,还儿童一个健康快乐的童年!

参考资料:

1.承诺未来–六一儿童癫痫患者关爱项目启动.新浪健康, 2015-06-01.
2.儿童癫痫.百度百科.

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    2015-06-03 Dr.LV

    让世界充满爱

    0

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    2015-06-01 yydlt

    关爱儿童!

    0

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    2015-06-01 yydlt

    可怜的孩子!

    0

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