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JNNP:格林巴利综合征,免疫球蛋白治疗或作用有限

2021-07-10 Freeman MedSci原创

吉兰-巴雷综合征,免疫球蛋白治疗或作用有限

大约20%-40%的吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS),又称格林巴利综合征,患者在病程中不会丧失独立行走的能力,这被称为 "轻度GBS"。与其名字所暗示的相反,轻度GBS可能有一个不利的临床过程,单靠支持性护理后的结果很差。

最初患有轻度GBS的病人在疾病的进展阶段可能会出现恶化。是否和何时开始治疗的难题出现在GBS发病后的头几周,因为目前不可能在发病时预测谁有进一步恶化的风险,而推迟治疗直到进一步恶化后可能导致更严重的、可能是不可逆的神经损伤。此外,轻度和重度GBS的区分是基于GBS残疾量表,该量表主要由腿部的运动功能驱动,而忽略了手臂以及颅神经、感觉和自主神经或非运动功能的受累;多达38%的轻度患者报告6个月后仍有疲劳、疼痛或持续的神经功能障碍。

血浆置换(PE)和静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIg)对不能独立行走的GBS患者(严重GBS)同样有效。一项试验显示,经过两次PE治疗后,仍能行走的患者开始运动恢复的时间缩短了,但尚未进行随机对照试验来评估IVIg对轻度GBS的疗效。不治疗轻度GBS患者的原因可能包括:由于疾病的自限性,很大一部分患者会自发恢复,副作用包括过敏反应或血栓栓塞事件,以及IVIg的价格昂贵。

以前对国际GBS结果研究(IGOS)招募的患者的研究显示,入组时有75%的轻度GBS患者接受了IVIg治疗。

藉此,鹿特丹大学的 Christine Verboon等人,利用目前治疗实践中的这种差异,比较了接受支持性护理或支持性护理和IVIg治疗的轻度GBS患者的临床过程和结果。

他们从前瞻性观察性的国际GBS结果研究(IGOS)中选择了在研究开始时能够独立行走的患者(轻度GBS),用一个IVIg疗程或支持性护理治疗。主要终点是进入研究后4周的GBS残疾评分,由多变量序数回归分析评估。

在188名符合条件的患者中,148人(79%)接受了IVIg治疗,40人(21%)接受了支持性护理。

他们发现,IVIg组在基线上的残疾程度更高。IVIg治疗与4周时较低的GBS残疾评分没有关系(调整后的OR(aOR)1.62,95%CI 0.63至4.13)。几乎所有的次要终点都没有显示出IVIg的益处,尽管IVIg治疗的患者恢复全部肌肉力量的时间更短(28天对56天,p=0.03),26周时报告的疼痛更低(n=26/121,22%对n=12/30,40%,p=0.04)。

在前2周持续轻度GBS的亚分析中,4周时GBS残疾评分降低的aOR为2.32(95%CI为0.76至7.13)。1年后,所有患者中有40%有残留症状。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了: 在轻度GBS患者中,一个疗程的IVIg并没有改善整个疾病过程。这一结论的确定性受到混杂因素、选择偏倚和宽泛的置信度的限制。残余症状常常在一年后出现,这表明对轻度GBS需要更好的治疗。

原文出处:
Verboon C, Harbo T, Cornblath DR, et al
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for mild Guillain-Barré syndrome: an international observational study
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Published Online First: 08 June 2021. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-325815

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    2022-03-02 xzw113
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    2021-07-11 ms2658711348342440

    那怎么治疗格林巴利

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