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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:达格列净对伴有和不伴有2型糖尿病的慢性肾病患者尿白蛋白排泄的影响

2021-10-28 Naomii MedSci原创

在患有和不患有2型糖尿病的慢性肾脏疾病患者中,达格列净显著减少蛋白尿,在2型糖尿病患者中相对减少幅度更大。

     蛋白尿是慢性肾脏疾病患者肾衰竭和血管事件的一个公认的风险标志。各种药物干预,包括肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂、SGLT2抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂,可以减少蛋白尿。临床试验的荟萃分析显示,早期减少蛋白尿与较低的肾衰竭风险相关,支持使用蛋白尿作为肾衰竭肾病的生物标志物。

     SGLT2抑制剂最初是作为2型糖尿病患者的口服降糖药开发的,不推荐用于慢性肾脏疾病患者,因为估计肾小球滤过率(EGFR)较低的患者的血糖效率较低。然而,临床试验表明,SGLT2抑制剂可以减少2型糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病患者的蛋白尿。这些发现引起了人们对研究SGLT2抑制剂对长期肾脏结果的影响的兴趣。CRENTICS试验表明,达格列净降低了2型糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病患者发生临床重要肾脏和心血管终点的风险。达格列净和预防慢性肾脏疾病不良结局(DAPA-CKD)试验将这些发现扩展到有和没有2型糖尿病的慢性肾脏疾病患者,显示出进展性慢性肾脏疾病、心血管死亡或心力衰竭住院的比率和全因死亡率显著降低。

      近日,有研究人员在达格列净和预防慢性肾脏疾病不良结局(DAPA-CKD)试验中评估了达格列净对伴有和不伴有2型糖尿病的慢性肾病患者蛋白尿的影响。

      DAPA-CKD是在21个国家的386个地点进行的一项多中心,双盲,安慰剂对照的随机试验。如果患者有慢性肾脏疾病,定义为估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)在每1.73平方米25毫升/分钟和每1.73平方米75毫升/分钟之间,尿白蛋白-肌酐比率UACR)在200mg/g和5000mg/g(22.6至565.6mg/mmol)之间。

     根据隔离的固定随机化时间表,参与者被随机分配到达格列净10mg(AstraZeneca;瑞典哥德堡),每天一次或匹配安慰剂,使用平衡块以确保约1:1的比例。白蛋白尿的改变是DAPA-CKD的预先指定的探索性结果。   

     UACR阶段的回归,定义为从大量白蛋白尿过渡(≥300 mg/g)至微量白蛋白尿或正常白蛋白尿(<300 mg/g),UACR阶段的进展(定义为从低于3000 mg/g过渡至3000 mg/g或更高)是额外的离散终点。该试验已在ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03036150注册。

  • 在2017年2月2日至2020年4月3日期间,4304名患者被招募并随机分配到达帕利氟嗪组(n=2152)或安慰剂组(n=2152)。UACR中位数为949 mg/g(IQR477~1885)。
  • 总体而言,与安慰剂相比,达格列净降低了29.3%的几何平均UACR(95%CI-33·1至-25·2;p<0.0001),与安慰剂相比,达格列净治疗后2型糖尿病和14.8%(22.95.9)的几何平均百分比改变了35.1%(95%CI为39.4至30.6;p<0.0001)。
  • 在随访期间不伴有2型糖尿病患者中(P<0.0001),在基线UACR≥300 mg/g的3860例患者中,达格列净增加了UACR期消退的可能性(危险比1.81,95%可信区间1.60至2.05)。
  • 在基线UACR<3000 mg/g的3820例患者中,达格列净降低了UACR分期的进展风险(0.41,0.32至0.52)。在达格列净治疗期间,第14天尿酸还原率的较大下降与随后随访中表皮生长因子受体下降的减弱显著相关(每对数单位尿酸还原率的β变化-3.06,95%CI-5.20至-0.90;p=0.0056)

      在患有和不患有2型糖尿病的慢性肾脏疾病患者中,达格列净显著减少蛋白尿,在2型糖尿病患者中相对减少幅度更大。达格列净对2型糖尿病患者和非2型糖尿病患者的临床结局的影响相似,但对UACR的影响不同,提示达格列净对慢性肾病患者的部分保护作用可能是通过有别于减少蛋白尿的途径介导的。

文献来源:Jongs N, Greene T, Chertow GM, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on urinary albumin excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(11):755-766. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00243-6

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    2022-07-01 维他命
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    2022-02-20 howi
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    2021-10-29 珙桐

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