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NAT COMMUN:为什么有些病原体对女性更温柔?

2017-03-11 佚名 Nature自然科研

不少疾病对女性的致死率比对男性要低。通常我们会认为这是女性的免疫反应较强所致,但事情可能并没有那么简单。

不少疾病对女性的致死率比对男性要低。通常我们会认为这是女性的免疫反应较强所致,但事情可能并没有那么简单。

Alex Fan

英国伦敦大学皇家哈洛维学院的Francisco úbeda和Vincent Jansen提出了另一种解释。他们在本周《自然-通讯》发表的研究The evolution of sex-specific virulence in infectious diseases中显示,某些病原体可能演化出对女性造成的疾病严重程度和致死频率低于男性的特性。

病原体的水平与垂直传染模型。úbeda et al.

然而这些病原体对女性更容易“网开一面”倒不是因为它们突然起了怜香惜玉之心,而是出于更“自私”的目的。研究者认为,除了可以通过和男性一样的方式将病原体传递给其它人群外,女性还可以在怀孕、生产和哺乳期将病原体传递给子女。当女性比男性拥有更多的病原体传播路径时,在女性体内引发严重程度较低的疾病对病原体而言是一种可取的演化策略。研究显示,女性较男性额外拥有的病原体传播机会可能对病原体产生充分的演化压力,推动病原体的性别特异病毒性演化。

母婴传播与病原体繁衍。úbeda et al.

作者认为,他们的发现也许可以解释在不同人口群体中,男性和女性从人类嗜T淋巴球病毒一型(HTLV-1)感染发展成成人T细胞白血病(ATL,一种血癌类型)的频率差异。例如,在加勒比海地区,男性和女性从HTLV-1发展成ATL的频率并无不同,但是在日本,男性比女性更经常从HTLV-1发展成ATL。与加勒比海地区的女性相比,日本母亲通过母乳哺育婴儿的比例更高,哺乳期也更长。

加勒比海地区和日本的HTLV-1不同性别的致死率。úbeda et al.

作者认为,如果女性可以比男性提供更多的传播机会,女性则成为更有价值的病原体宿主。因此从演化角度来看,病原体在女性体内引发严重程度较低的疾病是可以理解的。

始出处:

úbeda F, Jansen V A A. The evolution of sex-specific virulence in infectious diseases[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:13849.


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    2017-11-04 liuli5079
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    2017-08-02 liye789132251
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    2017-03-13 xue8605
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    2017-03-11 虈亣靌

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