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AJG:不同生物制剂对克罗恩病患者回肠和结肠内镜愈合的疗效比较

2022-07-05 xuyihan MedSci原创

各类具有医研价值的碳基生物为原料,利用传统技术或现代生物技术制造,作用于人体各类生理症状的预防(保健)、治疗和诊断的各种形态制剂,统称生物制剂。

克罗恩病(CD)是一种炎症性肠病(IBD),其特征在于胃肠道任何区域都可以发生透壁性炎症。溃疡的愈合是CD治疗的一个重要目标,通常被称为内窥镜愈合 (EH)。CD的治疗已从免疫抑制剂(例如甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤和 6-巯基嘌呤)发展为针对炎症通路中涉及的特定细胞因子和受体的更有效和更安全的生物疗法。目前加拿大卫生部、美国食品和药物部门和欧洲药品管理局批准用于CD治疗的生物制剂是阿达木单抗、英夫利昔单抗、优特克单抗和维多珠单抗。阿达木单抗和英夫利昔单抗是靶向肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 蛋白的单克隆抗体。Ustekinumab 阻断 interleukin-12 和 interleukin-23,而 vedolizumab 靶向整合素-α4β7。 但尚不清楚某些药物是否比其他药物在特定回结肠段的愈合方面具有优势,这可能是治疗差异化因素。在CD的临床试验和实践中,SES-CD是一种经过验证的内窥镜工具,用于量化CD中的内窥镜活动,先前的研究表明,EH在肠段中并不均匀,并且在回肠和直肠中可能更难以实现。因此,研究人员进行了这项研究,来比较阿达木单抗、英夫利昔单抗、优特克单抗和维多珠单抗对CD患者治疗1年后在总体和回肠和结肠中实现 EH 的能力的疗效。

本项研究是对来自4项临床试验的299名CD患者的患者水平数据的汇总分析。分别比较了接受每种生物制剂治疗的患者实现EH的比例,主要观察指标是1年内完全EH(CD 的简单内镜评分 [SES-CD]<3)和回肠和结肠EH(SES-CD=0)。多变量逻辑回归用于模拟生物制剂与 1 年结果之间的关系,并根据疾病持续时间、伴随的皮质类固醇使用和先前的抗肿瘤坏死因子失败进行了调整。

 

 

研究结果显示:与维多珠单抗相比,阿达木单抗 (缓解率:17/61 [27.9%],调整优势比 [OR]: 5.79, 95% 置信区间 [CI]: 1.77–18.95, P=0.004) 和英夫利昔单抗(39/141 [27.7%], aOR: 4.59, 95% CI: 1.48–14.22, P=0.008) 的1年EH概率更高。维多珠单抗和乌司奴单抗之间未观察到显着差异。在未使用生物制剂的患者中也观察到了类似的结果。在基线回肠 SES-CD≥3 的患者中,1年回肠EH的生物制剂之间未观察到显着差异。然而,对于较大的(>0.5cm)回肠溃疡,英夫利昔单抗(20/49 [40.8%])与维多珠单抗相比具有更高的无回肠溃疡发生率(2/23 [8.7%],aOR:5.39,95% CI:1.03 –28.05,P=0.045)。对于结肠疾病,与乌司奴单抗 (9/31 [29.0%]) 相比,阿达木单抗 (30/48 [62.5%], aOR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.45–10.90, P=0.007) 的 1 年发生率更高,在结肠中的EH 与英夫利昔单抗的趋势相似(55/105 [52.4%],aOR:2.08,95% CI:0.82–5.27,P=0.121)。

随着越来越多的生物疗法进入来治疗 IBD,药物的定位变得越来越具有挑战性。尽管头对头试验是比较生物制剂疗效的首选方法,但在 IBD 中进行的试验仍然相对较少。本项研究是第一个针对CD生物制剂的头对头试验,研究结果证实在1年临床缓解或内镜改善方面未发现乌司奴单抗优于阿达木单抗,而TNF-α拮抗剂在实现1年EH方面总体上优于 维多珠单抗和乌司奴单抗。

原始出处:

Narula, Neeraj. Et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Biologics for Endoscopic Healing of the Ileum and Colon in Crohn's Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology.2022.

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    2022-11-21 minzju5052
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    2022-07-04 Tamikia

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