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PLOS Med:糖尿病的预防及治疗应多吃脂肪?!

2016-07-21 MedSci MedSci原创

近日发表于PLOS Medicine的一项新的研究表明,多吃不饱和脂肪而非碳水化合物可降低患2型糖尿病的风险。新的荟萃分析显示,将碳水化合物和饱和脂肪更换为健康的脂肪,如多不饱和脂肪,可降低血糖水平,并改善胰岛素控制。世界范围内,胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的发病率正急剧上升。据CDC统计,美国约有2910万人患有糖尿病,占总人口的9.3%左右。为此,CDC呼吁人们健康饮食,定期锻炼,并使用降糖药物治疗

近日发表于PLOS Medicine的一项新的研究表明,多吃不饱和脂肪而非碳水化合物可降低患2型糖尿病的风险。


新的荟萃分析显示,将碳水化合物和饱和脂肪更换为健康的脂肪,如多不饱和脂肪,可降低血糖水平,并改善胰岛素控制。

世界范围内,胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的发病率正急剧上升。据CDC统计,美国约有2910万人患有糖尿病,占总人口的9.3%左右。

为此,CDC呼吁人们健康饮食,定期锻炼,并使用降糖药物治疗。他们还强调减少心血管疾病的危险因素,如高血压和高血脂水平,并避免烟草使用的必要性。

CDC统计数据表明,2009年至2012年间,65%确诊为糖尿病的成年患者要么血液中LDL的水平很高,要么使用药物来降低胆固醇。

亟需新的方法来预防2型糖尿病,一些研究主要集中于不同的碳水化合物和膳食脂肪对代谢健康的影响。对此一直存有争议,因此制定了饮食指南和健康优先事项。

该研究的高级作者,来自美国塔夫茨大学弗里德曼营养学与政策学院的院长,Dariush Mozaffarian博士及该研究的第一作者Fumiaki Imamura,来自剑桥大学医学研究理事会(MRC)流行病学单位,共同领导进行了此项荟萃分析。

研究共纳入了102项研究,包含了4660名成年患者。随机对照试验中,受试者分别给予含有不同类型和水平的碳水化合物和脂肪的食物。

然后探究机体代谢健康指标的变化,具体而言是,饱和,单不饱和及多不饱和脂肪和碳水化合物对2型糖尿病发生的影响。

研究重点探究了葡萄糖和胰岛素控制的关键生物标志物的变化,包括血糖,血胰岛素,胰岛素抵抗和敏感性,以及在应对血糖时机体产生胰岛素的能力。

结果表明,与食用含有碳水化合物或饱和脂肪的受试者相比,食用富含单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪的食物有益于血糖的控制。

从碳水化合物和饱和脂肪酸获得能量转换成从单或多不饱和脂肪获得的能量,每转换5%可降低0.1%左右的糖化血红蛋白。

既往研究表明,每降低0.1%的糖化血红蛋白,2型糖尿病的发病风险下降22%,心血管疾病的发病率降低6.8%。

Imamura指出,使用饱和脂肪代替碳水化合物和不饱和脂肪似乎可持续获益。

该研究结果支持在预防和治疗胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病时多吃富含脂肪的食物,如核桃、葵花籽、大豆、亚麻籽、鱼,植物油等,而少吃精制谷物、淀粉、糖和动物脂肪。

该研究首次系统地回顾了所有可用的评估碳水化合物和不同种类的脂肪在饮食中作用的研究证据。

作者希望这一研究结果将有助于科学家,医疗工作者和公众安排饮食,以预防和治疗2型糖尿病。

原始出处:

Yvette Brazier. Eat more healthy fat to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. MNT, Wednesday 20 July 2016.

Fumiaki Imamura et al., Effects of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate on glucose-insulin homeostasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials., PLOS Medicine, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087, published online 19 July 2016.

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    2016-07-22 医路开来

    多吃饱和脂肪,能治疗糖尿病。新发现

    0

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    2016-07-22 xiaotaiyang1

    不饱和脂肪

    0

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    2016-07-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    继续关注!

    0

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