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每天一杯酒,疾病绕道走?研究发现喝啤酒可降低多种疾病风险!

2022-07-03 生物探索 生物探索

以往多项研究表明,喝酒有害健康,但最近有研究表明,摄入适量啤酒可以通过增加人体肠道微生物群多样性改善肠道健康,进而降低罹患多种疾病的风险。

啤酒是大麦麦芽的发酵提取物,是世界上消费最广泛的酒精饮料。在既往认知中,我们常常认为喝酒有害健康,但偶尔喝一杯啤酒却可能对身体有益处。流行病学研究表明,饮用低至中等剂量的啤酒可以预防血管疾病,并且这种保护作用与适度饮用葡萄酒相当。最新研究表明,肠道微生物调节可能构成调节啤酒对健康的影响机制。

饮用适量啤酒,有益肠道健康

6月15日,美国化学会旗下期刊Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry上发表了一项题为“Impact of Beer and Nonalcoholic Beer Consumption on the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial”(图1)的研究论文。这项随机、双盲对照实验显示,连续4周每天饮用330ml含酒精啤酒或无酒精啤酒,会增加人体肠道菌群多样性[1],改善受试者肠道健康。这或许可以解释为什么喝啤酒可以降低某些疾病风险

图片

1 研究成果(图源:[2]

在这项研究中,研究人员一共招募了32位有适度饮酒习惯,年龄在18至65岁且无肠胃相关慢性疾病的健康男性,在NOVA医学院进行了为期4周的随机、双盲、两臂平行组试点试验,用以研究啤酒酒精含量对心脏代谢风险标志物和肠道微生物群组成的影响。参与者被随机分配至干预组(比例为1:1),干预措施包括每天饮用330ml含0.0%酒精的啤酒(A组)和330ml含5.2%酒精的啤酒(B组)。


研究主要结果是参与者肠道微生物群相对于基线的变化,次要结果是体重指数、总脂肪量、体内平衡模型评估-胰岛素抵抗、空腹血清总胆固醇、空腹血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和空腹血清甘油三酯含量。

结果发现:
■ 啤酒干预4周后,A组(非酒精啤酒)和B组(酒精啤酒)参与者肠道微生物群组成中每个细菌门相对丰度的平均值有所增加(图2);
■ 啤酒干预4周后,A组和B组参与者肠道微生物群组成中每个细菌属相对丰度的平均值有所增加(图3);
■ 肝转氨酶(如ASAT、ALAT、GGT)没有因为每天饮用含酒精的啤酒而增加,相反,碱性磷酸酶(肝、肾或或骨损伤的标志物)在每天摄入啤酒4周后下降;
■ 饮用啤酒4周后,参与者血清中钾水平升高,钠水平降低,而这些水平仍在成人参考值范围内。图片

2 基线和干预后4周两个干预组肠道微生物群组成中每个细菌门相对丰度平均值的变化(图源:[1]

综上,研究表明,饮用不含酒精的啤酒或含酒精的啤酒会增加肠道微生物群的多样性,而不会显著改变体重、体脂肪量和血清中心脏代谢标志物。同时,会降低与糖尿病和心血管疾病有关的细菌多样性。研究人员表示,肠道微生物群多样性的增加或减少对某些慢性疾病可能会有一定影响,因此,促进肠道微生物群的变化以纠正生态失调和增加细菌多样性,可能会介导正确的饮食干预对预防这些疾病的影响。

图片

3 基线和干预后4周两个干预组肠道微生物群组成中每个细菌属相对丰度平均值的变化(图源:[1]


适度饮用啤酒可降低多种疾病风险

此前,伦敦医学实验室首席科学家Quinton Fivelman在Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases上发表了一项题为“Effects of moderate beer consumption on health and disease: A consensus document”(图4)的研究论文。这项随访长达十年的研究表明,啤酒中含有一系列维生素和矿物质,适度饮用啤酒不仅与增加骨密度、心血管健康和免疫功能有关,还与抗炎和抗氧化特性有关[2]。因而,适量饮用啤酒会降低多种疾病风险,包括痴呆症、心血管疾病
图片

4 研究成果(图源:[2]


研究指出,啤酒是膳食硅的丰富来源,而膳食硅对骨骼和结缔组织的生长和发育至关重要,有助于预防骨质疏松症。啤酒还含有一系列多酚,被Phenol-Explorer数据库确定为最丰富的多酚膳食来源。有相关研究表明,富含多酚的食物有助于预防炎症相关疾病。

具体来说,研究发现:
■ 啤酒摄入量与心血管疾病风险之间存在J型关系,适度饮酒与心血管疾病风险尤其是冠心病风险之间呈负相关(图5);
■ 适度饮用啤酒(每天一杯)对缺血性中风有积极作用;
■ 啤酒是抗氧化剂的重要来源,抗氧化剂能对抗自由基,以降低罹患慢性病和某些癌症的风险;
■ 适度饮酒对非糖尿病患者的胰岛素浓度和胰岛素敏感性有益;
■ 每天喝两到三杯酒的人罹患痴呆症的风险降低60%;
■ 适量饮用啤酒可能有助于增强男性和停经女性的骨骼密度。

图片

5 与心血管疾病风险相关的啤酒摄入量(图源:[2]

研究人员表示,适度饮用啤酒和葡萄酒,与富含蔬菜、全谷物和水果的地中海饮食相结合,对健康可能会产生积极影响。与其他酒精饮料相比,啤酒没有特定的癌症风险,但是要在衡量自己健康状态的情况下适度饮用啤酒。因为一旦饮用过量,就会抵消对个体身体的益处,甚至会对健康产生负面影响。

《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》建议儿童、青少年、孕妇、乳母应禁酒,成年人一天饮用的酒量折合酒精不应超过15g。此外,酒精过敏者、正在服用可能会与酒精产生作用的药物者、某些疾病(如高甘油三酯血症、胰腺炎、肝脏疾病等)患者、血尿酸过高者应严格控制饮酒。

上述两项研究中都不约而同地提到了“无酒精啤酒”,这是一种不含(少含)酒精的情况下仍能保持啤酒原有风味的无酒精饮料。无酒精啤酒中含有多种生物活性化合物,在禁止或应避免饮用含酒精啤酒时,可以作为含酒精啤酒的替代品,而不对身体产生过多伤害。

注:本文仅报道最新科研进展,不构成饮食建议,请谨遵医嘱!

参考资料:

[1]https://pubs-acs-org.blk.80599.net/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00587#

[2]de Gaetano G, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. Effects of moderate beer consumption on health and disease: A consensus document. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016 Jun;26(6):443-67. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 Mar 31. PMID: 27118108.

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    2022-07-03 陈文志

    这是要要为啤酒去库存还消费拉动经济?

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753655, encodeId=a0001e53655df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 18:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1473339, encodeId=a81114e333937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862be0746bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70746, encryptionId=862be0746bc, topicName=疾病风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3c757221906, createdName=花花1368, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 07:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230375, encodeId=227012303e558, content=这是要要为啤酒去库存还消费拉动经济?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=57545476725, createdName=陈文志, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 23:45:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230356, encodeId=cd65123035659, content=歌紊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/03239FACD97A5A2B657C81B7CC33654A/100, createdBy=c9832131077, createdName=stephenHu, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 21:31:41 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230345, encodeId=b5b01230345ed, content=一会说喝酒有害,一会说喝酒健康。正常脑子的人会认为真的健康?整些阳间的话题行不行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201211/e835e9fcae1947dcb73935389b171511/a45b1efdda02478a907d481a586e5fdb.jpg, createdBy=ecc75443650, createdName=奇葩豆, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 20:29:05 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230340, encodeId=ded3123034067, content=尽发些似是而非的东西,搞得都不知道怎么吃喝了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a942052980, createdName=1551ec345cm, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 19:57:59 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230303, encodeId=186412303031a, content=喝酒人的**, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b6c1974111, createdName=huaguang, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 16:37:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-03 stephenHu

    歌紊

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753655, encodeId=a0001e53655df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 18:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1473339, encodeId=a81114e333937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862be0746bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70746, encryptionId=862be0746bc, topicName=疾病风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3c757221906, createdName=花花1368, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 07:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230375, encodeId=227012303e558, content=这是要要为啤酒去库存还消费拉动经济?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=57545476725, createdName=陈文志, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 23:45:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230356, encodeId=cd65123035659, content=歌紊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/03239FACD97A5A2B657C81B7CC33654A/100, createdBy=c9832131077, createdName=stephenHu, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 21:31:41 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230345, encodeId=b5b01230345ed, content=一会说喝酒有害,一会说喝酒健康。正常脑子的人会认为真的健康?整些阳间的话题行不行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201211/e835e9fcae1947dcb73935389b171511/a45b1efdda02478a907d481a586e5fdb.jpg, createdBy=ecc75443650, createdName=奇葩豆, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 20:29:05 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230340, encodeId=ded3123034067, content=尽发些似是而非的东西,搞得都不知道怎么吃喝了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a942052980, createdName=1551ec345cm, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 19:57:59 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230303, encodeId=186412303031a, content=喝酒人的**, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b6c1974111, createdName=huaguang, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 16:37:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-03 奇葩豆

    一会说喝酒有害,一会说喝酒健康。正常脑子的人会认为真的健康?整些阳间的话题行不行

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753655, encodeId=a0001e53655df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 18:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1473339, encodeId=a81114e333937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862be0746bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70746, encryptionId=862be0746bc, topicName=疾病风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3c757221906, createdName=花花1368, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 07:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230375, encodeId=227012303e558, content=这是要要为啤酒去库存还消费拉动经济?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=57545476725, createdName=陈文志, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 23:45:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230356, encodeId=cd65123035659, content=歌紊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/03239FACD97A5A2B657C81B7CC33654A/100, createdBy=c9832131077, createdName=stephenHu, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 21:31:41 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230345, encodeId=b5b01230345ed, content=一会说喝酒有害,一会说喝酒健康。正常脑子的人会认为真的健康?整些阳间的话题行不行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201211/e835e9fcae1947dcb73935389b171511/a45b1efdda02478a907d481a586e5fdb.jpg, createdBy=ecc75443650, createdName=奇葩豆, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 20:29:05 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230340, encodeId=ded3123034067, content=尽发些似是而非的东西,搞得都不知道怎么吃喝了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a942052980, createdName=1551ec345cm, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 19:57:59 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230303, encodeId=186412303031a, content=喝酒人的**, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b6c1974111, createdName=huaguang, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 16:37:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-03 1551ec345cm

    尽发些似是而非的东西,搞得都不知道怎么吃喝了

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753655, encodeId=a0001e53655df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 18:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1473339, encodeId=a81114e333937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862be0746bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70746, encryptionId=862be0746bc, topicName=疾病风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3c757221906, createdName=花花1368, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 07:13:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230375, encodeId=227012303e558, content=这是要要为啤酒去库存还消费拉动经济?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=57545476725, createdName=陈文志, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 23:45:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230356, encodeId=cd65123035659, content=歌紊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/03239FACD97A5A2B657C81B7CC33654A/100, createdBy=c9832131077, createdName=stephenHu, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 21:31:41 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230345, encodeId=b5b01230345ed, content=一会说喝酒有害,一会说喝酒健康。正常脑子的人会认为真的健康?整些阳间的话题行不行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201211/e835e9fcae1947dcb73935389b171511/a45b1efdda02478a907d481a586e5fdb.jpg, createdBy=ecc75443650, createdName=奇葩豆, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 20:29:05 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230340, encodeId=ded3123034067, content=尽发些似是而非的东西,搞得都不知道怎么吃喝了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a942052980, createdName=1551ec345cm, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 19:57:59 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1230303, encodeId=186412303031a, content=喝酒人的**, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b6c1974111, createdName=huaguang, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 16:37:00 CST 2022, time=2022-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-03 huaguang

    喝酒人的**

    0

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