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部分型肺静脉异位引流合并重度主动脉瓣狭窄1例

2018-03-14 佚名 中国临床医学影像杂志

患儿,男,91d,外院示心脏超声异常入院

【一般资料】

患儿,男,91d

【主诉】

外院示心脏超声异常入院

【体格检查】

心前区广泛Ⅱ级以上收缩期杂音。

【辅助检查】

二维超声心动图示右房面积比例明显增大,左房明显减小(图1),右侧肺静脉进入右房,左侧肺静脉进入左房(图2)。右室肥大,右室壁厚约2.7mm,肺动脉扩张。房间隔顶部可见较小回声失落约5~5.5mm,CDFI可探及双向分流以左向右为主(图3)。主动脉瓣明显增厚且回声增强,数目显示不清,开放明显受限,连续多普勒可探及高速跨瓣血流,跨瓣峰值压差120mmHg(1mmHg≈0.133kPa),平均压差70mmHg(图4)。三尖瓣探及轻度反流信号,间接估测肺动脉收缩压约56mmHg。超声提示:部分型肺静脉异位引流,房间隔缺损伴少量左向右分流,主动脉瓣重度狭窄,中度肺高压。CTA检查结果与超声相符。









【讨论】

部分型肺静脉异位引流指4支肺静脉中1~3支未与左房直接连接,而与右房或体静脉相连的一种先天性畸形。根据肺静脉引流的位置和途径可分为心上型、心内型、心下型及混合型。其发病率约占所有先天性心脏病的0.6%~0.7%,以右侧双支肺静脉连接异常多见。部分型肺静脉异位引流常合并房间隔缺损,而同时又合并主动脉瓣重度狭窄的病例实属少见。该患儿有重度主动脉瓣狭窄,左心压力明显增加,应该有左心大等表现,而二维超声左室长轴示右心明显增大,说明该患儿可能合并其他心脏畸形。患儿右室内径大于左室内径的1.5倍,右室壁明显增厚,右心明显增大及肺动脉高压程度与房间隔缺损大小不相称,排除其他引起右心增大的疾病时应考虑肺静脉异位引流的可能。由于在四腔心切面肺静脉处于远场很难清晰显示肺静脉汇入心房情况,故在剑突下切面观察,剑突下上下腔长轴切面同时观察到4条静脉汇入右房,即上、下腔静脉及右上、下肺静脉,故可确诊为部分型肺静脉异位引流。该患儿虽然存在导致左心压力升高的主动脉瓣狭窄,但由于同时存在部分型肺静脉异位连接以及房间隔左向右分流,导致右心容量负荷增加,进而使肺动脉压力升高。异常连接的肺静脉数量决定了病人的临床症状,单只肺静脉的异常连接通常引起较轻的临床症状,相反,当存在3支以上的肺静脉异常连接时会引起明显的心脏增大和心功能不全,准确识别异常连接的肺静脉数量对指导临床治疗起着关键的作用。超声心动图能动态观察肺静脉回流情况,选择合适的检查切面能够提高诊断准确性,且其易重复、无创等特点使其在部分型肺静脉异位引流的诊断中起着不可缺少的作用。患儿目前未进行手术,心脏外科会诊提示一期手术效果差,建议暂行观察并定期复查,待15岁左右主动脉发育尚可行根治手术。

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