Baidu
map

医学中的两性研究:性别不同 痛觉不同

2015-07-13 佚名 环球科学

过去15年里,神经科学家构建起了与慢性疼痛症状有关的详细生物回路。但对于该机理的研究却忽略了某些重要的实验对象:雌性。 最近的一个研究强调了在生物医学研究中忽略性别差异的风险。研究者称,雌性小鼠没有像雄性同类一样建立某种疼痛类型。作者称这一显著的性别差异说明,仅用雄性动物做实验的话,可能无法获得完整的生物学信息。如果人类两性间也存在相似的差异,这将对疼痛治疗的发展产生巨大影响。 美国国立卫

过去15年里,神经科学家构建起了与慢性疼痛症状有关的详细生物回路。但对于该机理的研究却忽略了某些重要的实验对象:雌性。

最近的一个研究强调了在生物医学研究中忽略性别差异的风险。研究者称,雌性小鼠没有像雄性同类一样建立某种疼痛类型。作者称这一显著的性别差异说明,仅用雄性动物做实验的话,可能无法获得完整的生物学信息。如果人类两性间也存在相似的差异,这将对疼痛治疗的发展产生巨大影响。

美国国立卫生研究院女性健康办公室副主任Janine A.Clayton称:“越来越多的案例表明,性别对生物学机制的影响无处不在,下至细胞,上至生物个体,这项研究仅仅是其中之一。这表明同时研究两性是非常重要的。”

Clayton的办公室以及NIH的其他人员正制订新的政策,鼓励科学家在生物医学研究中考虑性别差异。上个月,NIH宣布计划增加拨款申请指南内容,让科学家将性别作为申请项目中的一个变量。这也意味着仅关注一种性别的研究计划将需要“强有力的理由”。

在小鼠疼痛实验中,蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学(McGillUniversity)的JeffreyS. Mogil和多伦多大学的MichaelW. Salter及合作者着眼于小胶质细胞,它存在于脊髓中,相关通路也研究的比较清楚。炎症或神经损伤促使小胶质细胞向周围的感觉神经元传递信号,使这些细胞从抑制疼痛转为放大疼痛。

构建起这一机制的大部分研究使用的都是雄性小鼠。研究者常常担心雌性小鼠在发情期的激素变化会增加额外的变量,使动物实验更为复杂。为了消除这些变量,科学家要调整动物的生理周期,这一过程费时费力。因而大部分团队都避免在实验中使用雌性动物被试。

然而,Mogil、Salter和其他团队成员在之前的一项研究中发现小胶质细胞上的某一受体会触发雄性小鼠的痛觉敏化,但雌性小鼠不会如此。所以他们想知道两性差异是否不仅仅只是一个蛋白而已。

为了找到答案,研究者用基因工程方法和小分子,抑制患有神经损伤的雄性和雌性小鼠体内小胶质细胞-神经元通路的每一个环节。结果显示,雄鼠痛觉敏化减轻,雌鼠则未受影响。这意味着雌鼠并没有这个回路。当研究者减少雌性小鼠脊髓中的小胶质细胞时,它们依然会有痛觉敏化。

通过进一步实验,该团队初步认定让雌性小鼠对疼痛更加敏感的是免疫细胞T细胞(Nat.Neurosci. 2015,DOI:10.1038/nn.4053)。Mogil称:“两性间的差异不仅仅是一个基因或一种神经递质,而是完全不同的细胞在运行截然不同的机制。”

Salter也为有时两性用不同的细胞运行相同机制感到惊讶。“每次我在会议上谈到这个问题,听众都会表示不信,”他说。“我会告诉他们,‘刚开始我也不信。’”

Mogil和Salter认为人类也可能有相似的性别差异。如果真是这样,药物研发者在研究新的止痛药时就需要将性别考虑在内。

并未参与这项研究的哈佛医学院(HarvardMedical School)神经生物学家Alban Latremoliere对此表示赞同:“这项工作提醒我们要在临床前研究中关注性别差异——其实早该如此了。”

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (7)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-27 I come

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-14 summer474cn

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-14 summer474cn

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-14 summer474cn

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-14 summer474cn

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685753, encodeId=a0911685e53d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33662108450' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#两性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21084, encryptionId=33662108450, topicName=两性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b11728257119, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 18:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60210, encodeId=29ad60210f3, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32719, encodeId=17ed32e19a3, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32720, encodeId=b75932e20c0, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32721, encodeId=ea8332e21c7, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32722, encodeId=27b532e221c, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 11:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32618, encodeId=36463261836, content=基因问题?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31901632235, createdName=1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jul 13 20:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-13 1dd8eb19m15(暂无匿称)

    基因问题?

    0

相关资讯

Diabetes Care:胎儿性别可能会潜在影响孕妇葡萄糖代谢

通过对围产期数据库进行回顾性分析发现了一个有趣的现象:当孕妇怀有一个男性胎儿时其妊娠糖期尿病(GDM)风险可能会增加,但是两者之间是否真的存在某种联系尚不明确。因此Retnakaran R等人进行了一项研究,评估胎儿性别和孕妇葡萄糖代谢之间的关系,该队列包括了从妊娠期糖耐量正常孕妇,轻度异常孕妇和GDM孕妇。共计1,074名孕妇在平均29.5周孕行OGTT试验。其中534名孕妇胎儿为女性,余下54

PNAS:研究是否要分男女?

我们对疾病的认知以及治疗方法的开发都来源于对动物模型或细胞系的前临床研究。这些研究对于基础医学的进步以及药物与治疗手段的开发是十分重要的。然而,许多此类的前临床研究并没有考虑到性别的影响。为什么性别如此重要呢?性别是进化上最保守的物种特征之一,然而在基础医学研究中却没有被正确地考虑。在"个体医疗"的时代,性别成为了解释疾病发生的异质性的重要因子之一,尽管其它因子也有一定影响,但性别是始终伴随人类进

Development:Y染色体决定性别?NO!古老性基因或许是性别决定的始祖

近日,来自昆士兰大学的研究者使得哺乳动物的一种“退休”的性基因重新复活过来,使其开启雄性小鼠的发育;这种名为Dmrt1的基因虽然不会被哺乳动物用来确定性别,但其却在决定许多脊椎动物的性别上扮演着重要的角色,比如青蛙、鱼类及鸟类等;相关研究为揭开决定人类和动物性别的基因的进化提供了新的研究线索和思路。研究者Peter说道,Dmrt1是一种古老的遗传遗迹,科学家们认为该基因在哺乳动物的性别决定中失去了

ONF:哪种戒烟手册对肺癌患者家属戒烟效果棒棒哒?

目的:该研究的目的在于探索创新出一种具有性别特异性、且可以通过情感抚慰和亲情教育等相关因素,进而起到鼓励肺癌患者的相关家属成功戒烟的效果。方式:该研究为定性、描述性研究。实验地点在加拿大六个城市进行,参与人员为30名准备近期戒烟、或已经成功戒烟的肺癌患者的家属。这种戒烟手册通过采用语言和图片的形式强调家庭成员及亲属关系的重要性,并且根据戒烟者性别的不同而进行不同的讨论和指导,从而鼓励肺癌患者家属戒

Circulation:年轻AMI患者在出院30天内再入院概率和时间的性别差异

背景:年轻的女性(<65岁)急性心肌梗死后比年轻男性(AMI)要有2-3倍更大的死亡风险。如果这会因年龄而异,尚不清楚他们30天内再入院的风险是否会更高。研究人员考察了这种概率,时间和30天再入院主要诊断的性别差异,包括调整混杂因素的独立性的影响。    方法和结果:该研究包括年龄18-64岁的主要诊断为急性心肌梗死患者。数据是从加利福尼亚的医疗保健费用和项目国家住院

Cell Stem Cell:为何从古至今女人都长寿?

人类中的超级百岁老人(即年龄超过110岁的人)至少都会有一个共同点,即超过95%的百岁老人都是女性,科学家们通过长期研究观察当人们衰老时不同性别之间个体的差异,但研究者目前并不清楚为何女性会活的更久一些。近日,刊登在国际杂志Cell Stem Cell上的一篇研究报道中,来自斯坦福大学的研究人员通过对干细胞的行为和性别差异进行研究,揭示了男性和女性随着机体老化而表现出的再生能力下降的差异,相关研究

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map