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PLoS ONE:新方法能够筛选上千种潜在性治疗糖尿病的分子

2012-07-30 ZinFingerNase 生物谷

根据一篇于2012年7月25日发表在PLoS ONE期刊上的综述性论文,来自瑞士日内瓦大学的一个科学家研究小组鉴定出蛋白在控制胰岛素分泌中所发挥的重要作用,并完善一种创新性的方法,从而使得人们能够测试上千种有可能用于抵抗糖尿病的分子的有效性。 胰岛β细胞产生负责控制血糖水平和对我们的生存也是必需的胰岛素。在众多影响胰岛β细胞工作的因子当中,研究小组鉴定出一种被称作Cx36的蛋白。 研究人员也已

根据一篇于2012年7月25日发表在PLoS ONE期刊上的综述性论文,来自瑞士日内瓦大学的一个科学家研究小组鉴定出蛋白在控制胰岛素分泌中所发挥的重要作用,并完善一种创新性的方法,从而使得人们能够测试上千种有可能用于抵抗糖尿病的分子的有效性。

胰岛β细胞产生负责控制血糖水平和对我们的生存也是必需的胰岛素。在众多影响胰岛β细胞工作的因子当中,研究小组鉴定出一种被称作Cx36的蛋白。

研究人员也已证实在经过基因改造而不产生Cx36的转基因小鼠中,胰岛β细胞同步化工作停止,胰岛素生产失去控制。这种胰岛素分泌的去同步化过程是可能患上II型糖尿病病人的第一个可测量的征兆。利用这种知识,研究小组着手去寻找直接作用Cx36上的分析,以便最终能够开发出一种新的治疗方法来对抗糖尿病。为此,日内瓦大学医学院教授Paolo Meda和他的研究小组去研究胰岛β细胞中存在的半留存期只有大约3个小时的微量蛋白Cx36。它的数量如此之少,研究人员不可能利用传统技术来检测它。

来自Meda教授实验室的研究人员Sabine Bavamian和Helena Pontes着手开发出一种非侵入式的系统来理解Cx36如何发挥作用。这两位科学家能够开发出一种新的模型:利用在体外培养时能够产生胰岛素和Cx36的活细胞以便能够快速测试大多数潜在型有用的分子。利用这种新方法,他们能够分析大约1040种分子,从而使得他们鉴定出那些促进胰岛素产生的分子和抑制胰岛素产生的分子。

尽管目前世界上有许多种药物被糖尿病患者用来缓解胰岛素去同步化,但是不幸的是,它们当中大多数具有不良副作用。因此,Meda教授决定利用这种由他领导的研究小组开发出的创新性技术来测试来自动物毒液中的非常不同的分子对Cx36的影响。这些分子应当不会产生当前使用的传统药物带来的同样问题。筛选动物毒液应当能够执行必不可少的验证测试(起初在体外,然后在体外)。Meda教授说,他们还需进行3到5年的研究,不过他们非常希望发现只作用在Cx36上的分子,并且产生的副作用比较小。

本文编译自A further step towards preventing diabetes

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041535
PMC:
PMID:

The Intercellular Synchronization of Ca2+ Oscillations Evaluates Cx36-Dependent Coupling

Sabine Bavamian1*, Helena Pontes1, José Cancela1, Anne Charollais1, Sergei Startchik2, Dimitri Van De Ville3, Paolo Meda

Connexin36 (Cx36) plays an important role in insulin secretion by controlling the intercellular synchronization of Ca2+ transients induced during stimulation. The lack of drugs acting on Cx36 channels is a major limitation in further unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying this effect. To screen for such drugs, we have developed an assay allowing for a semi-automatic, fluorimetric quantification of Ca2+ transients in large populations of MIN6 cells. Here, we show that (1) compared to control cells, MIN6 cells with reduced Cx36 expression or function showed decreased synchrony of glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations; (2) glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea which promotes Cx36 junctions and coupling, increased the number of synchronous MIN6 cells, whereas quinine, an antimalarial drug which inhibits Cx36-dependent coupling, decreased this proportion; (3) several drugs were identified that altered the intercellular Ca2+ synchronization, cell coupling and distribution of Cx36; (4) some of them also affected insulin content. The data indicate that the intercellular synchronization of Ca2+ oscillations provides a reliable and non-invasive measurement of Cx36-dependent coupling, which is useful to identify novel drugs affecting the function of β-cells, neurons, and neuron-related cells that express Cx36.

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