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经导管主动脉瓣置入术:现状、进展和问题分析-附PARTNER研究解读

2012-01-01 周达新,葛均波,潘文志 复旦大学附属中山医院

随着人类寿命的延长和人口的老年化,主动脉瓣疾病的发病率越来越高。在西方发达国家,钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄(calcific aortic stenosis ,CAS)发生率仅次于高血压和冠心病,已成为老年人瓣膜置换的首要病因。[1] 长期以来,外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)一直是症状性主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)的主要治疗方式。但是,由于传统的外科手术创伤大、需要体外循环、手术风险高,30%-50%患者因高龄、

随着人类寿命的延长和人口的老年化,主动脉瓣疾病的发病率越来越高。在西方发达国家,钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄(calcific aortic stenosis ,CAS)发生率仅次于高血压和冠心病,已成为老年人瓣膜置换的首要病因。[1] 长期以来,外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)一直是症状性主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)的主要治疗方式。但是,由于传统的外科手术创伤大、需要体外循环、手术风险高,30%-50%患者因高龄、左心室功能差、存在严重的合并症、恐惧外科手术而放弃外科治疗。经导管主动脉瓣置入术(TVAI),是近年来研发的一种全新的微创瓣膜置换技术,为这类患者的治疗带来新希望。近几年来,随着第三代瓣膜支架的研发运用和手术医生经验的积累,TAVI取得长足的进步,相关的临床研究也取得较大进展,本文对TAVI的现状、进展和相关问题做一总结。 

1 现状概括

TAVI所用的带瓣膜支架发展已经历三代,目前第三代的代表性产品主要有两种:一种为Cribier-Edwards生物瓣;另一种为CoreValve生物瓣。TAVI路入途径包括经静脉顺行法(经静脉穿刺房间隔,再进入左心房-二尖瓣-左心室-主动脉)、经动脉逆行法(股动脉-主动脉路径)及经心尖法。目前,TAVI主要的适应症为:①有症状的CAS (瓣膜口面积< 1 cm2 ) ; ②欧洲心脏手术风险评分(EuroSCORE)≥20 %或美国胸外科学会危险(STS)评分≥10 %;③解剖上适合TAVI(主要为主动脉瓣环内径、外周动脉内径在合适的范围内)。 当前研究入选的绝大多数为三叶式的CAS病人。先天性二叶式CAS往往瓣膜钙化严重、瓣环呈椭圆形,TAVI术后易出现人工瓣膜变形、返流、移位等并发症,目前是否对该类病人行TAVI存在着争议,但已有学者成功对先天性二叶式AS行TAVI术。[2] 外科主动脉换瓣术(尤其是生物瓣)所用的瓣膜均有一定寿命,随着时间的延长,植入的人工瓣膜可出现退化,导致瓣膜狭窄或功能障碍。已有学者报道,对该类患者行TAVI术(valve-in-valve implantation),效果也满意。[3, 4] 对TAVI术后出现瓣周漏患者,再次行TAVI(valve-in-valve implantation),亦能成功。[5] TAVI术后人工瓣膜长期使用也会出现退化、再狭窄,这些患者也可以再次行TAVI[6]。TAVI术的可重复性给该手术带来很大发展前途,取消人们既往的担忧——“万一置入瓣膜损坏了,是不是就没得治了”。伴存着主动脉瓣返流CAS患者不是TAVI的禁忌症,只要CAS是主要的病变,仍适合TAVI。有严重冠脉狭窄病人可在TAVI术前或者同期行PCI,解决冠脉狭窄后也可行TAVI。笔者相信,随着器械的改进及研究的进展,TAVI的适应症将越来越宽。

截止目前,全球已有35000多例患者接受了TAVI治疗。新近研究报道的病例数越来多,手术效果也越来越令人鼓舞。表1列举了近2年来发表的大型TAVI研究的结果。[7-11]可以看出,TAVI成功率很高(93.3%-98.4%之间),30天死亡率8.5%-12.7%。由于入选的是高危的患者,这样的死亡率还是可以接受。常见并发症包括需要置入起搏器的房室传导阻滞、脑卒中及局部血管并发症。虽然国外TAVI研究较多、进展迅速,我国的这方面研究起步较晚。复旦大学附属中山医院自2010年10月实施国内首例人体TAVI术[12],目前已完成3例TAVI,均获成功。随后,阜外医院、解放军总医院及第二军医大学附属长海医院也相继成功开展了TAVI手术。目前,国内许多心血管中心对该技术都表示浓厚兴趣,也在筹备开展该手术。

 

1 近期TAVI大型临床研究结果

研究

病例数

使用瓣膜

Ew / Cv

成功

随访

时间

常见并发症

死亡

置入

起搏器

卒中

心包

填塞

冠脉

堵塞

主动脉

夹层

局部血管

并发症

FRANCE[6]

244

68%/32%

98.3%

30

12.7%

11.8%

3.6%

2%

1.2%

NA

7.3%

SOURCE[7]

1038

100%/0%

93.8%

30

8.5%

7.0%

2.5%

NA

0.6%

1.3%

9.3%

CANADIAN[8]

339

100%/0%

93.3%

30

10.4%

4.9%

0.6%

NA

0.9%

NA

13.0%

Piazza N[9]

646

0%/100%

97.2%

30

8.0%

9.3%

1.9%

1.4%

0.5%*

0.6%

1.9%

Zahn R[10]

697

15.6%/84.4%

98.4%

30

12.4%

39.3%

2.8%

1.8%

0.3%*

0.4%

NA

Ew=Edwards Cv=CoreValveNA=未报告。*心肌梗死

2  研究进展

2.1 TAVI 的效果

目前关于TAVI效果的研究包括自身对照 (TAVI术前与术后比较)、TAVI与保守治疗对比、TAVI与SAVR对比以及各种TAVI对比等方面。各方面研究均显示TAVI具有较高的有效性及安全性,具体如下:

2.1.1 TAVI的益处

目前研究证实,TAVI不但可以降低症状性CAS患者主动脉瓣跨瓣压,改善患者的症状,提高其生活质量及6分钟步行距离,[13] 还可以提高心肌功能,逆转左室重构,降低脑钠肽水平[14]。此外,TAVI还可以降低患者死亡率。[15 近来发表的研究绝大多数为短期随访的结果,而近期发表对70例TAVI患者三年以上的随访研究显示,患者生存率为57%,患者的跨瓣压由术后的10.0 mm Hg升至3年时的12.1 mm Hg (P=0.03),瓣膜面积由1.7±0.4 cm2降至1.4±0.3 cm2 (P<0.01)。84%患者术后存在轻微至轻度的返流,但随访期间返流保持不变或有所改善。无病例发生瓣膜腐化、支架断裂变形或者瓣膜移位,该研究显示TAVI具有良好的中远期效果。[16]

2.1.2 TAVI vs保守治疗

PARTNER-B研究显示,对于不适合外科手术患者,TAVI优于传统的标准治疗。[15]研究入选了358例不适合外科手术的重度CAS的患者,随机分为传统的标准治疗组(包括球囊扩张成形术)及TVAI组(经皮置入Edwards 生物瓣),首要终点为全因死亡率。1年随访时,TAVI组死亡率(30.7% vs 50.7%,P<0.001)及复合终点(死亡+再住院)发生率(42.5% vs 71.6%,P<0.001)明显低于标准治疗组。存活者中,TAVI组NYHA III-IV级患者的比例较标准治疗组低(25.2 % vs 58.0%,P<0.001)。

2.1.3 TAVI vs SAVR

Clavel等将低左室射血分数(LVEF<50%)的重度AS患者,分为TAVI组(N=83)及外科换瓣组(SAVR)组(N=200)。TAVI组年龄比SAVR组高(81±8 vs 70±10 岁; P<0.0001),合并症更多。虽然两组基线LVEF (34±11% vs 34±10%,P>0.05 )相似,但TAVI组术后LVEF提高更明显(14±15% vs s 7±11%; P = 0.005)。研究结论为对于低射血分数的高危CAS患者,TAVI可作为SAVR替代治疗。[17] PARTNER-A研究,入选35个中心共699例外科手术高危CAS患者,随机分至TAVI(N=348,经股动脉或心尖置入Edwards生物瓣)或SAVR (N=351)组。结果显示,30天时TAVI组和SAVR组的全因死亡率分别是3.4%和6.5%(P = 0.07);1年随访时,TAVI组和SAVR组的全因死亡率分别为24.2%和26.8%(P = 0.44)。30天时,TAVI组和SAVR组的大中风的发生率分别为3.8%和2.1%(P = 0.20),TAVI组的主要血管并发症的发生率明显比SAVR高(分别为11.0% vs 3.2%,P <0.001),而SAVR组的其他不良事件,包括手术后大出血(9.3%与19.5%,P <0.001 )和新发房颤(8.6%比16.0%,P = 0.006),发生率更高。研究结论是对于外科手术高危的重度CAS的患者,TAVI术和SAVR术1年生存率相似,但是两者有各自的围手术期的风险。[18]

2.1.4 各种TAVI的比较

Bleiziffer发现,经心尖途径与经股动脉途径比,30天生存率(91.7 % vs 88.8%)相似,各组均有一定的局部穿刺点并发症发生率,但经心尖法脑卒中发生率更低(发生率为0.0%)。该研究提示,TAVI术前应该评估神经并发症的风险,对于脑卒中高危人群,选择经心尖法更合适。[19] Himbert 也发现经心尖途径与经股动脉途径比,住院期间生存率相似(74 +/- 9% vs 81 +/- 7%;p = 0.22),而经心尖法的中风发生率为0, .0%,而经股动脉法为6.0% (P = 0.23)。[20] 不难理解,由于经心尖法导管不经过动脉系统,不会损伤大动脉、引起粥样硬化斑块的脱落,因此手术相关的脑卒中的发生率更低。然而,PARTNER-A及其他一些研究显示,经心尖法的病人死亡率更高[18]。这可能是因为经心尖法的病人动脉狭窄病变更严重(动脉途径无法路入才选择经心尖)、病人相对较重、术者经验相对不足造成的。经心尖途径与经股动脉途谁优谁劣这一问题在今后可能已不重要。由于经股动脉途径操作更简便、创伤性更小(特别是改用18-F系统),今后TAVI可能都首选经股动脉路入,只有在动脉内径过小、无法路入时才选经心尖途径。近来研究还发现,经锁骨下动脉途径与经股动脉途径比,手术成功率及安全性类似,可作为一种新的TAVI手术路径。[21]

2.2 TAVI的并发症研究进展

TAVI的常见并发症包括传导阻滞、脑卒中、瓣周漏、冠脉阻塞或心肌梗死、局部血管并发症、主动脉夹层、心包填塞、瓣膜脱落、急性肾损伤等。为了统一各并发症的定义、方便各研究之间的对比,瓣膜学术研究联盟(VARC)最近在《欧洲心脏病学杂志》发表了TAVI临床研究终点标准定义[22]。各并发症的发生率见表1. TAVI并发症相关研究进展如下:

2.2.1传导阻滞

传导阻滞是TAVI的最常见的并发症之一。TAVI可引起左、右束支传导阻滞和房室传导阻滞。由于Edwards 瓣膜支架较CoreValve支架短,Edwards 瓣膜支嵌入左室流出道部分非常少,而CoreValve支架有相当一部分嵌入左室流出道部分。因此,CoreValve比Edwards 更易压迫到传导系统,更易发生传导阻滞。[23-24]CoreValve需置入起搏器传导阻滞发生率可高达20%-40%,而Edwards大多<10%。房室传导阻滞一半发生TAVI术后一周内,80%发生在一月内,但有些病例发生在术后一月至半年内。[25]研究显示,TAVI传导阻滞发生的危险因素包括术前存在右束支传导阻滞、支架嵌入左室流出道的深度(>10 mm)及直径、术前QRS波宽度、室间隔厚(>17mm)、既往有心肌梗死[24-25] 避免将瓣膜支架放得太低、避免选择直径过大的瓣膜、对已存在右束支传导阻滞的患者选用Edwards瓣膜等措施,可减少这一并发症的发生。另外,最新一项研究显示TAVI手术导致的传导异常46%发生在球囊扩张时,提示选择适当偏小的球囊内径可能减少传导阻滞的发生[26]

2.2.2 瓣周瘘

TAVI术后,几乎所有的患者会存在着不同程度的瓣周瘘(有些患者存在瓣膜返流),但绝大多数的患者为轻微至轻度的返流且不会随着时间延长恶化。[16] 随着瓣膜支架的内皮化及瓣环钙化的进展,瓣周漏甚至会逐渐减轻。使用球囊再扩张瓣膜支架可以减少瓣周漏,但有些病例扩张后可能仍存在严重瓣周漏,可再次置入瓣膜支架(valve-in-valve implantation)来纠正。研究显示,术后瓣周漏的程度与主动脉瓣瓣膜的钙化严重程度明显相关,而与钙化的空间分布无关;此外瓣膜的钙化程度高患者更需要置入后球囊扩张。[27] 严重钙化的瓣膜组织质地较硬,球囊扩张后可能不能使它变平而仍有残余部分突向主动脉管腔,因此,置入的瓣膜支架不能很好的贴壁,更易出现瓣周漏。Détaint还发现,瓣周漏发生与人工瓣膜的覆盖指数(cover index=(人工瓣膜直径-食道超声测得的瓣膜直径)/人工瓣膜直径*100%)相关(越低越易发生, cover index>8%患者均未发生瓣周漏),提示置入瓣膜过小可导致瓣周漏,选择合适型号的瓣膜支架可减少瓣周漏的发生。[28]

2.2.3 局部血管并发症

局部的血管并发症(尤其是经股动脉途径)也是常见并发症。先前使用21-F甚至更大的动脉血管鞘及输送系统,由于创口较大,局部的血管并发症较高。随着18-F输送系统的研发和采用,该并发症发生率明显减低。[29]需要提到的是,目前研发的血管缝合装置(Prostar closure device)使用简便,不像先前那样需要外科医生切开缝合,心内科医生即可完成动脉血管闭合。[30]

2.2.4 脑卒中

TAVI可导致2%-4% 患者发生脑卒中,然而,新近研究使用MRI扫描TAVI术后患者头颅后发现,70-80%患者术后出现缺血性脑损伤,尽管大部分损伤不引起临床症状[31]。如前所述,一些研究显示经心尖法的发生脑中风的可能更低,许多专家因此认为TAVI相关的脑卒中是输送系统经过主动脉时损伤主动脉导致主动脉粥样斑块脱落引起的。然而,PARTNER-A研究中[18],经心尖法与经股动脉具有脑卒中发生率相同,因此,有些专家认为脑卒中产生原因还可能为球囊扩张使得主动脉瓣上钙化物质脱落造成。关于TAVI相关脑卒中产生的机制有待于今后进一步研究。为了减少TAVI脑卒中发生,目前研发出的一种经桡动脉放置血栓导流装置(Embrella embolic deflector)已获CE认证。[32]另外,植入的瓣膜及支架仍有发生附壁血栓的可能,因此,TAVI术后数月内仍有发生脑卒中可能。为了减少血栓形成、减少脑卒中发生,TAVI术后3-6月内应双联抗血小板治疗。

2.2.5 冠脉阻塞及心肌梗死

几乎所有TAVI患者均会出现心肌损伤,但只有极少数患者出现心肌梗死[33]。冠脉阻塞及心肌梗死是TAVI严重的并发症。瓣膜支架(特别是Edwards)放置过高,可挡住冠脉窦口,引起冠脉阻塞及心肌梗死。TAVI术时应该避免将瓣膜放置过高,并应行主动脉造影,确认瓣膜不阻挡冠脉入口。另外,术前应测量主动脉窦宽度、高度以及冠状动脉窦高度,对于解剖结构不合适患者应避免行TAVI术。

2.2.6. 其他并发症

大型临床研究显示,TAVI心包积液发生率15-20%左右,心包填塞发生率在2%左右。TAVI最易引起心包填塞的步骤是进输送鞘、置入瓣膜时[34]。此时加硬导丝受到向前的冲力可能刺破左室。因此应将加硬导丝头端塑型使其在左心室内形成圆圈以减少冲力,进输送鞘管时应固定好加硬导丝。直头导丝进左心室时,应避免用力过猛,引起主动脉窦部或者左室穿孔。主动脉夹层、撕裂是TAVI的致命并发症。准确的测量主动脉瓣瓣环的大小、使用相对小号的扩张球囊(特别是后扩张时勿过分追求完美使用过大球囊)可避免这一并发症的发生。急性肾功能损害也是TAVI常见的并发症,并且其与患者预后相关[35]

2.2.7 死亡原因分析

一项纳入1223名患者的荟萃分析显示[36],术中出现死亡的为28名患者(2.3%),术后1个月内出现死亡的为119名患者(9.7%)。术中常见的死亡原因为心脏填塞(39%)、心力衰竭(21%)、心脏骤停(18%)、血管意外或出血并发症(18%)。术后1个月内,心衰与多器官功能衰竭为最常见的死因,占所有死因的24%;猝死或心脏骤停为17%;血管意外及出血并发症为17%;脑血管意外为11%;败血症11%;心脏填塞10%。在术后1个月内因心源性死亡的患者较术后1个月后多(56% vs 34%,P=0.0001)。CoreValve system与Edwards valves比,1个月内因血管意外或出血并发症导致死亡的患者比例更低(3% vs 22%,P=0.019);而心脏填塞26% vs 6%,P=0.019)和主动脉关闭不全比例(10% vs 0%,P=0.03)却更高。

2.2.8 手术风险评估及预后预测

研究显示虽然STS 评分较EuroSCORE更能预测患者TAVI死亡风险,但两者预测效能并不十分理想。[37] 同样,EuroSCORE对CAS患者外科换瓣手术风险的预测也不是很准确。[38] 将来需要研究更准确的评分系统来评估TAVI手术风险。目前研究显示,TAVI预后的预测因素包括患者基础的情况(脑钠肽、肾功能、左室射血分数、术前存在中风、糖尿病及NYHA 分级等)及伴发的并发症(心包填塞、主动脉夹层、局部血管、心肌坏死标志物并发症尤其是瓣周漏程度等)[33 39]

2.2.9 学习曲线

和其他的新技术一样,TAVI也存在学习曲线。研究显示,随着术者的经验积累(完成20-25例TAVI),手术操作时间、X线曝光时间会明显缩短,患者的生存率明显提高,并发症发生明显减少。[20,40]

2.3 TAVI相关影像学研究的进展

目前,评估主动脉瓣环内径的主要影像学手段包括经胸超声心动图(TTE)、经食道超声心动图(TTE)、多排CT(MSCT)、主动脉造影(CA)等。各种方法测量所得主动脉瓣环相关性虽然较好,但仍有所差异。[41-42]MSCT冠状切面直径> CA> MSCT 平均直径> TTE> MSCT矢状面直径。[41]TTE与TEE相差较小,而TTE或TEE与MSCT差别较大。[42]TTE及TEE较MSCT重复性更好,观察者间及观察者内变异更小。[41,43]依据TEE或依据MSCT所测量的瓣环内径可导致15%-40%患者采取不同TAVI的策略(即选择的瓣膜型号不同)。[42,43 ]TEE成像清楚,可多平面实时观察,以TEE作为手术瓣膜型号选择的依据较为安全且并发症发生率低,在前述几种方法中可能为最好的。[42,43]TTE简单易行,在心功能测定、术后瓣膜返流的监测方面具有优势,但对于有些患者采集的图像可能显示不清,且容易低估瓣环内径。MSCT在评估是否合并冠脉疾病、瓣膜钙化程度、外周血管是否适合TAVI术方面有很大的价值。MSCT对TAVI术后瓣膜的位置、放置情况及解释瓣周漏发生的机制等方面也有较大价值。[44]主动脉造影在测量主动脉瓣环内径方面准确性不高,故最主要是用于术中指导瓣膜释放。另外,还有学者发现使用主动脉成型球囊来测量瓣环内径可提高TAVI的安全性及有效性。[45]

3 目前存在的问题及展望

近几年,TAVI虽然进展迅速、研究结果令人振奋,但目前仍存在着一些问题,如:(1)目前研究随访时间仍偏短(2002年才有第1例TAVI术),TAVI长期效果有待证实;(2)并发症发生率仍较高,特别是需要置入起搏器的房室传导阻滞发生率可达30-40%,脑卒中的发生率也较高;(3)器械仍需有待改进。目前器械存在着不可回收、释放后不能调整位置、输送系统型号仍偏大(18F)、瓣膜支架贴壁不够理想(导致瓣周漏发生率偏高);(4)TAVI手术较为复杂,手术经验需要进一步积累,TAVI技术推广有一定难度;(5)手术器械昂贵(高达3-4万欧元),国内绝大多数患者承受不起。但是,“方法总比问题多”。TAVI的发展势不可挡。目前,国内外同行正从以下方面解决目前存在的问题,促进TAVI的发展:(1)延长TAVI随访时间,扩大研究的样本量,以进一步证实其有效性及安全性;(2)加强相关的临床研究,总结手术经验,研究并发症产生的原因,以减少并发症的发生率;(3)不断开拓TAVI的适应症。PARTNER研究证实,对于外科手术禁忌或高危的CAS患者,TAVI安全有效。已有学者着计划研究对于外科手术中危甚至低危患者,TAVI是否可以取得与外科手术相当的效果。目前研究入选都是老年钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄患者,而对于在我国非常常见的风湿性主动脉瓣狭窄,TAVI是否合适也需研究。对于单纯主动脉瓣反流或者有联合瓣膜病变患者,是否合适TAVI也将是以后研究的方向。(4)加紧手术器械的研发与改进。目前全世界范围内至少有20余种置入瓣膜处在研发中,国内也有长海医院及江苏省人民医院在研发TAVI瓣膜。目前比较代表性有Direct Flow瓣膜(可收回、可重置、可填充的动脉心室环可减少瓣周漏),Sardra Lotus(可收回、可重置、缝着聚氨酯膜以减少瓣周漏)、PercValve (10-F、快速内皮化)。 新研发的瓣膜有望克服目前手术器械的器械,而国产化器械的出现将可以大大减少器械的价格。(5)聘请手术经验丰富的专家进行TAVI手术培训,推广TAVI手术。TAVI手术有一定难度,且是在高危的患者中实施,故起初开展时应当相当谨慎。需要心内科、心超、麻醉科、心外科甚至血管外科等多科,刚开展时还需聘请手术经验丰富的专家现场指导。(6)为了解决目前存在的问题,促进TAVI术在我国的发展,使更多患者受益,国内心内科专家已经着手成立经导管瓣膜介入(TVI)联盟。共同解决经皮瓣膜介入存在的行政、法律上一些共同问题,如新技术、新器械引进的审批、认证。总之,随着材料工程学的进步和医生介入经验的不断丰富和积累,相信现有的一些技术难题会不断被攻克解。在不久的将来,TAVI将改变主动脉瓣狭窄的标准治疗,甚至替代换瓣外科手术成为常规手术。PARTNER研究主要负责人Leon 指出: “以TAVI为代表的结构性心脏病介入治疗将成为今后心血管介入治疗创新发展的最重要方向。”

参考文献:

1.Edwards WD. The changing spectrum of valvular heart disease pathology. In : Braunwald E , ed. Harrison’s advances in cardiology., New York : McGraw2Hill , 2002. 317-323.

2. Wijesinghe N, Ye J, Rodés-Cabau J, et al.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 ;3(11): 1122-5.

3. Seiffert M, Franzen O, Conradi L, et al. Series of transcatheter valve-in-valve implantations in high-risk patients with degenerated bioprostheses in aortic and mitral position. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 ;76(4):608-15.

4. Webb JG, Wood DA, Ye J, et al. Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for failed bioprosthetic heart valves. Circulation. 2010 ;121(16):1848-57.

5. Rodés-Cabau J, Dumont E, Doyle D."Valve-in-valve" for the treatment of paravalvular leaks following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;74(7):1116-9.

6.Hammerstingl C, Nickenig G, Grube E.Treatment of a degenerative stenosed CoreValve® aortic bioprosthesis by transcatheter valve-in-valve insertion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Jul 6. doi: 10.1002/ccd.23228.

7. Eltchaninoff H, Prat A, Gilard M, et al; on behalf of the FRANCE Registry Investigators.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: early results of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry. Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eh

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    2012-05-18 amyloid
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058295, encodeId=caf620582954c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ba613e68f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13768, encryptionId=5ba613e68f8, topicName=PARTNER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri May 18 17:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024177, encodeId=3f6820241e7dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=246013e69af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13769, encryptionId=246013e69af, topicName=PARTNER研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Tue Jan 17 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766677, encodeId=74bb1e6667759, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc89e965910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79659, encryptionId=fc89e965910, topicName=置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2bd637855499, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 18:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1332340, encodeId=50b613323409c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd6231822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23182, encryptionId=1dd6231822d, topicName=主动脉瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355675, encodeId=fe3013556e510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414930, encodeId=a0eb1414930de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=04812314540' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23145, encryptionId=04812314540, topicName=主动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77603112682, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1510013, encodeId=530a15100138b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9bce8254ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78254, encryptionId=e9bce8254ef, topicName=经导管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93e010191378, createdName=lsj631, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1518207, encodeId=ec10151820e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d627e8264e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管主动脉瓣置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78264, encryptionId=d627e8264e3, topicName=经导管主动脉瓣置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03a611130255, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-01-03 zhaojie88
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058295, encodeId=caf620582954c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ba613e68f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13768, encryptionId=5ba613e68f8, topicName=PARTNER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri May 18 17:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024177, encodeId=3f6820241e7dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=246013e69af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13769, encryptionId=246013e69af, topicName=PARTNER研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Tue Jan 17 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766677, encodeId=74bb1e6667759, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc89e965910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79659, encryptionId=fc89e965910, topicName=置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2bd637855499, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 18:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1332340, encodeId=50b613323409c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd6231822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23182, encryptionId=1dd6231822d, topicName=主动脉瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355675, encodeId=fe3013556e510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414930, encodeId=a0eb1414930de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=04812314540' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23145, encryptionId=04812314540, topicName=主动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77603112682, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1510013, encodeId=530a15100138b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9bce8254ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78254, encryptionId=e9bce8254ef, topicName=经导管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93e010191378, createdName=lsj631, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1518207, encodeId=ec10151820e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d627e8264e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管主动脉瓣置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78264, encryptionId=d627e8264e3, topicName=经导管主动脉瓣置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03a611130255, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058295, encodeId=caf620582954c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ba613e68f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13768, encryptionId=5ba613e68f8, topicName=PARTNER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri May 18 17:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024177, encodeId=3f6820241e7dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=246013e69af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13769, encryptionId=246013e69af, topicName=PARTNER研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Tue Jan 17 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766677, encodeId=74bb1e6667759, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc89e965910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79659, encryptionId=fc89e965910, topicName=置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2bd637855499, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 18:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1332340, encodeId=50b613323409c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd6231822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23182, encryptionId=1dd6231822d, topicName=主动脉瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355675, encodeId=fe3013556e510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414930, encodeId=a0eb1414930de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=04812314540' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23145, encryptionId=04812314540, topicName=主动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77603112682, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1510013, encodeId=530a15100138b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9bce8254ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78254, encryptionId=e9bce8254ef, topicName=经导管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93e010191378, createdName=lsj631, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1518207, encodeId=ec10151820e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d627e8264e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管主动脉瓣置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78264, encryptionId=d627e8264e3, topicName=经导管主动脉瓣置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03a611130255, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-01-03 lsj631
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058295, encodeId=caf620582954c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ba613e68f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13768, encryptionId=5ba613e68f8, topicName=PARTNER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri May 18 17:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024177, encodeId=3f6820241e7dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=246013e69af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PARTNER研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13769, encryptionId=246013e69af, topicName=PARTNER研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Tue Jan 17 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766677, encodeId=74bb1e6667759, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc89e965910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79659, encryptionId=fc89e965910, topicName=置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2bd637855499, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 18:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1332340, encodeId=50b613323409c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd6231822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23182, encryptionId=1dd6231822d, topicName=主动脉瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355675, encodeId=fe3013556e510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414930, encodeId=a0eb1414930de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=04812314540' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#主动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23145, encryptionId=04812314540, topicName=主动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77603112682, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1510013, encodeId=530a15100138b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9bce8254ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78254, encryptionId=e9bce8254ef, topicName=经导管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93e010191378, createdName=lsj631, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1518207, encodeId=ec10151820e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d627e8264e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经导管主动脉瓣置入术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78264, encryptionId=d627e8264e3, topicName=经导管主动脉瓣置入术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03a611130255, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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