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Lancet:胡丙长院士推翻“肥胖悖论”

2016-07-16 MedSci MedSci原创

根据哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院和剑桥大学的一项大规模国际合作研究表明,与正常体重相比,超重或肥胖可引起更高的过早死亡风险。这些调查结果反驳了近年来强调肥胖生存优势的所谓“肥胖悖论”——近年来一些横断面分析和回顾研究发现,体质指数与心血管预后及靶器官损害呈负相关,有学者将这种现象称为“肥胖悖论”。这项研究结果将于2016年7月13日发表在《The Lancet》杂志上。过度超重对慢性病的

根据哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院和剑桥大学的一项大规模国际合作研究表明,与正常体重相比,超重或肥胖可引起更高的过早死亡风险。这些调查结果反驳了近年来强调肥胖生存优势的所谓“肥胖悖论”——近年来一些横断面分析和回顾研究发现,体质指数与心血管预后及靶器官损害呈负相关,有学者将这种现象称为“肥胖悖论”。这项研究结果将于2016年7月13日发表在《The Lancet》杂志上。

过度超重对慢性病的有害影响,已得到了很好的证明。最近有研究造成了公众对于“什么是一个健康的体重”存在一些混淆。根据这项新研究的作者称,以前的那些研究有严重的方法局限性。一个常见的问题是,所谓的反向因果关系,其中,低体重是基础或临床前疾病的结果,而不是原因。另一个问题受吸烟的影响,因为吸烟者的体重往往比不吸烟者轻,但却有更高的死亡率。本研究共同负责人、哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院营养和流行病学教授胡丙长(Frank Hu)指出:“为了获得体重指数和死亡率之间的一个无偏差的关联,在研究开始时分析从不吸烟以及目前没有慢性疾病的人,是必不可少的。”胡教授强调说,医生应该继续告知病人体重超重的有害影响,其中包括糖尿病,心血管疾病和癌症的更高的风险。

为了提供更明确的证据证明“超重与过早死亡之间的关联”,研究人员在2013年协力创建了Global BMI Mortality Collaboration,其中涉及来自全球300多个机构的500多名调查人员。

本文共同第一作者、哈佛大学Chan公共卫生学院营养系研究科学家Shilpa Bhupathiraju说:“到目前为止,这项国际合作是最大的和最严谨的工作,旨在解决关于BMI和死亡率的争论。”

在这项新的研究中,研究人员研究了来自239项大型研究的1060多万名参与者的数据,这些大型研究是在1970年至2015年之间在32个国家开展的。在这些研究中记录到了160万人死亡,其中参与者被随访了平均14年。通过初步分析解决吸烟和已存在疾病所引起的潜在偏差,研究人员排除了目前或以前吸烟的参与者、那些在研究开始时患有慢性疾病的参与者、在第一个五年随访过程中死亡的参与者,这样,他们分析的受试者小组包括400万名成年人。他们研究了参与者的身体质量指数(BMI)。

结果表明,BMI为22.5-<25 kg/m2(被认为是一个健康的体重范围)的参与者,在随访的时间内具有最低的死亡率风险。在整个超重范围内死亡的风险显著增加:BMI为25-<27.5 kg/m2 的人具有7%的高风险死亡率;BMI为27.5-<30 kg/m2的人,具有20%的更高风险;BMI为30.0-<35.0 kg/m2的人,具有45%的较高风险;BMI为35.0-<40.0 kg/m2的人,具有94%的更高风险;BMI为40.0-<60.0 kg/m2,可使风险增加几乎三倍。超过25 kg/m2每增加5个单位的体重指数,过早死亡的风险则增加约31%。体重不足的参与者也有较高的死亡风险。

通过分析死亡的具体原因,研究发现,在25 kg/m2以上BMI每增加一个单位,心血管疾病死亡的风险相应增加49%,呼吸系统疾病死亡率相应增加38%,癌症死亡相应增加19%。研究人员还发现,体重超重的危害,年轻人大于老年人,男性大于女性。

胡丙长(Frank B. Hu)教授,1988年毕业于华中科技大学公共卫生学院,在十年内从哈佛大学的助理教授晋升为正教授,是该院第一位被哈佛大学提升为教授的医学毕业生。他在冠心病和糖尿病的病因与预防领域取得了世界公认的成就,特别对环境(饮食与生活方式)、遗传因素和它们的交互作用在肥胖与2型糖尿病发生发展中的作用作出了原创性的贡献。2015年10月,胡丙长教授当选美国国家医学院院士。


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828539, encodeId=f624182853951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 07:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131998, encodeId=edb7131998c5, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=125652, encodeId=3449125652c8, content=体重也需要平衡,过胖过瘦都不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 19:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106059, encodeId=114a106059aa, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 04:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105677, encodeId=10901056e71a, content=好文,值得学习,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 16:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93794, encodeId=101f93e9458, content=好牛啊!但尽量还是瘦点好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-19 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828539, encodeId=f624182853951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 07:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131998, encodeId=edb7131998c5, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=125652, encodeId=3449125652c8, content=体重也需要平衡,过胖过瘦都不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 19:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106059, encodeId=114a106059aa, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 04:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105677, encodeId=10901056e71a, content=好文,值得学习,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 16:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93794, encodeId=101f93e9458, content=好牛啊!但尽量还是瘦点好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-13 舒心和人

    体重也需要平衡,过胖过瘦都不好

    0

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    2016-08-28 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828539, encodeId=f624182853951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 07:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131998, encodeId=edb7131998c5, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=125652, encodeId=3449125652c8, content=体重也需要平衡,过胖过瘦都不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 19:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106059, encodeId=114a106059aa, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 04:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105677, encodeId=10901056e71a, content=好文,值得学习,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 16:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93794, encodeId=101f93e9458, content=好牛啊!但尽量还是瘦点好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-27 ylzr123

    好文,值得学习,赞一个。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828539, encodeId=f624182853951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 19 07:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131998, encodeId=edb7131998c5, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=125652, encodeId=3449125652c8, content=体重也需要平衡,过胖过瘦都不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 19:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106059, encodeId=114a106059aa, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 04:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105677, encodeId=10901056e71a, content=好文,值得学习,赞一个。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 16:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93794, encodeId=101f93e9458, content=好牛啊!但尽量还是瘦点好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-20 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    好牛啊!但尽量还是瘦点好!

    0

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