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Nature:一种常见食品添加剂“海藻糖”助长体内细菌毒性

2018-01-04 佚名 生物通

贝勒医学院分子病毒学和微生物学教授Robert Britton研究组在体外和动物模型实验中证实,作为食品添加剂被广泛使用的海藻糖增强了感染者体内c-diff毒力。


贝勒医学院分子病毒学和微生物学教授Robert Britton研究组在体外和动物模型实验中证实,作为食品添加剂被广泛使用的海藻糖增强了感染者体内c-diff毒力。

海藻糖(trehalose)被认为是一种安全、可靠的食品添加剂,因为很多天然食物也含有海藻糖。

艰难梭状芽胞杆菌(Clostridium difficile,c-diff)是一种导致肠道流行病的高频病菌。

贝勒医学院分子病毒学和微生物学教授Robert Britton研究组在体外和动物模型实验中证实,作为食品添加剂被广泛使用的海藻糖增强了感染者体内c-diff毒力。

美国疾控中心报道,c-diff是感染相关疾病死亡的主要元凶。2015年,近50万美国人感染c-diff,近3万人死亡,细菌引起的结肠炎和腹泻是感染致命原因。65岁以上老年人最容易患病,大多数感染发生在抗生素治疗患者身上。

“我们发现,世界范围RT027和RT078是两个占主导地位的菌株,”本文一作博后学者James Collins博士说。“上世纪八十年代它们还不怎么流行,2000年后才开始招致重大疫情。我们想知道,21世纪人类的什么活动助长了它们的气焰。”

饮食与细菌毒力

研究人员先排除了氟喹诺酮(fluoroquinolone)抗生素的耐药问题。“氟喹诺酮耐药因素对其他c-diff菌株也有影响,它并非是引爆RT027和RT078流行的特殊原因,”Collins说。

研究人员筛选了RT027和RT078两种细菌偏好的营养来源,发现它们生长所需的海藻糖浓度可以比其他c-diff低1000倍。这两种菌分别进化出了可高效利用海藻糖的独立机制。

研究人员用c-diff感染小鼠模型证明,代谢低浓度海藻糖的能力刺激疾病向更严重的方向发展。“用含有低浓度海藻糖和不含海藻糖的饲料分别喂养RT027感染小鼠,”Collins说。“食用低浓度海藻糖的小鼠死亡率更高(33.3%比78.6%)。”



进一步实验表明,导致小鼠疾病加重的原因是,细菌产生的毒素水平更高,而非细菌数量更多。

实验证据表明,膳食海藻糖可助长RT027和RT078的毒力,使它们成为引发21世纪流行病的优势菌种。

“2000年,美国FDA批准海藻糖作为一种广泛的食品添加剂。从寿司、蔬菜到冰激凌很多食品都额外加了海藻糖。大约3年后,疾控中心监控到RT027和RT078疫情开始增加,”Collins说。“我们认为,在众多因素之中海藻糖可能是一个关键的触发因素。”


(2012年后,RT027和RT078感染在我国大陆地区也开始流行)

“曾经,我们都认为这是一种对人安全的糖,研究结果却有些意外地揭示,一项微小的初始变化,可能会引发巨大的长期影响。”



原始出处:

J. Collins, et al.Dietary trehalose enhances virulence of epidemic Clostridium difficile.Nature. doi:10.1038/nature25178

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