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颅脑外伤知识,你想知道的都在这

2016-07-23 Eric 医学界影像诊断与介入频道

1、弥漫性轴突损伤弥漫性轴突损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)是一种常见的脑损伤类型,是造成重症脑损伤患者不良预后的主要原因之一。DAI 通常是因头部突然加速 - 减速或旋转加速导致轴索拉伸和断裂,发生时常出现典型的症状——意识丧失。(三角指右侧内囊后肢出血;箭头指丘脑出血)(箭头指胼胝体出血)上述CT表现均为出血性的弥漫性轴索损伤。(上图为我们展示了弥漫性轴索损伤的一个示

1、弥漫性轴突损伤


弥漫性轴突损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)是一种常见的脑损伤类型,是造成重症脑损伤患者不良预后的主要原因之一。DAI 通常是因头部突然加速 - 减速或旋转加速导致轴索拉伸和断裂,发生时常出现典型的症状——意识丧失。



(三角指右侧内囊后肢出血;箭头指丘脑出血)



(箭头指胼胝体出血)


上述CT表现均为出血性的弥漫性轴索损伤。



(上图为我们展示了弥漫性轴索损伤的一个示意图)


继续一个 AJNR 杂志上的病例来巩固:


患者:男性,22岁,车祸后意识不清,既往无嗜酒史。




上图:横断面 T2 FLAIR 显示皮层下白质和放射冠区多个高信号病灶伴弥漫的高信号和胼胝体压部轻度肿胀




横断面DWI显示弥漫性双侧侧脑室旁脑白质、胼胝体扩散受限。




横断面 T2 GRE 未见出血。




矢状面 T2WI 显示胼胝体压部信号异常,但不累及胼胝体其他部位。


对比正常:




总结表格:




2、脑挫伤



(CT表现为左侧额叶脑挫伤,具体为片状低密度区内可见多发的高密度出血灶)


脑挫裂伤(cerebral contusion and laceration)是脑挫伤和脑裂伤的统称,单纯脑实质损伤而软脑膜仍保持完整者称为脑挫伤,如脑实质破损伴软脑膜撕裂成为脑裂伤。因脑挫伤和脑裂伤往往同时并存,故合称脑挫裂伤。


示意图:



组织切片:




(左图:伤后立刻行CT平扫,未发现异常;右图:24小时后又行CT检查,同一区域出现脑挫伤)


总结:




3、脑室内出血



(外伤患者显示左侧侧脑室后角内出血;右侧蛛网膜下腔出血)





外伤性脑室内出血和弥漫性轴索损伤、深部灰质损伤及脑干挫伤有关。孤立的

脑室内出血可能是由于室管膜下静脉破裂所致。


注明:以上部分图片来自网络及《脑部影像诊断学(第2版)》

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=145425, encodeId=03df1454255a, content=赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 20:20:25 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=103563, encodeId=204c10356363, content=直观!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Aug 25 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94508, encodeId=9de89450801, content=讲的很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 17:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94441, encodeId=b2c19444141, content=图文并茂,直观易懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f5b11304786, createdName=ljh0111, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 07:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-11 ylzr123

    赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=145425, encodeId=03df1454255a, content=赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 20:20:25 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=103563, encodeId=204c10356363, content=直观!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Aug 25 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94508, encodeId=9de89450801, content=讲的很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 17:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94441, encodeId=b2c19444141, content=图文并茂,直观易懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f5b11304786, createdName=ljh0111, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 07:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-25 cjingjuan

    直观!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=145425, encodeId=03df1454255a, content=赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 20:20:25 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=103563, encodeId=204c10356363, content=直观!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Aug 25 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94508, encodeId=9de89450801, content=讲的很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 17:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94441, encodeId=b2c19444141, content=图文并茂,直观易懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f5b11304786, createdName=ljh0111, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 07:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-24 oo902

    讲的很全面

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=145425, encodeId=03df1454255a, content=赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 20:20:25 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=103563, encodeId=204c10356363, content=直观!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Aug 25 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94508, encodeId=9de89450801, content=讲的很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 17:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94441, encodeId=b2c19444141, content=图文并茂,直观易懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f5b11304786, createdName=ljh0111, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 07:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-24 ljh0111

    图文并茂,直观易懂

    0

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