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J Spinal Disord Tech:4种不同手术方式治疗脊柱结核疗效对比

2014-12-08 MedSci MedSci原创

脊柱结核的发生率占所有结核病例的1%,但却是最常见的肺外结核,可导致患者严重的畸形及神经症状,中国每年的新发脊柱结核病例约30,000-50,000例,西南地区多发。目前,关于脊柱结核的规范化治疗尚缺乏指南类文献,亟需相关研究。 结核杆菌感染、脊柱结构破坏是脊柱结核的特征性表现,如出现脊柱的骨破坏、干酪样坏死、脓肿形成时往往易于诊断,但此时畸形及不同程度的神经功能障碍也已出现。截瘫是脊柱

脊柱结核的发生率占所有结核病例的1%,但却是最常见的肺外结核,可导致患者严重的畸形及神经症状,中国每年的新发脊柱结核病例约30,000-50,000例,西南地区多发。目前,关于脊柱结核的规范化治疗尚缺乏指南类文献,亟需相关研究。

结核杆菌感染、脊柱结构破坏是脊柱结核的特征性表现,如出现脊柱的骨破坏、干酪样坏死、脓肿形成时往往易于诊断,但此时畸形及不同程度的神经功能障碍也已出现。截瘫是脊柱结核严重的并发症,与结核性胸膜炎、脑膜炎一样可导致病死率升高及患者生存质量下降。

经过以往的努力,结核的综合治疗已经取得相当成效,但同时,耐药菌株的出现、HIV合并感染病例的出现、疗程漫长伴随的社会问题等多方面因素仍使部分结核的治疗存在困难。而且,药物治疗对于已经出现结构破坏或神经系统并发症的脊柱结核患者效果有限。

因此,手术切除病灶并恢复脊柱稳定性的手术治疗逐渐受到重视,前路清除病灶+一期内固定曾被认为是脊柱结核手术的金标准。但事实上,还存在其它入路、及不同形式的内固定方案可供选择,而这些术式对于结核病程的预后、脊柱功能的恢复、神经功能的改善等治疗作用尚无系统的研究和对照。

基于以上现状,成都军区总医院的徐永清、汤逊教授带领其团队对4种常用脊柱结核手术进行了系统的对照分析,以期为脊柱结核的规范化治疗积累资料。

该回顾性研究包括了148例在同一医疗单位进行一期病灶清除+植骨融合术的脊柱结核患者。患者的纳入标准包括:1、确诊一个椎体以上脊柱结核;2、结核病灶对至少2周的营养支持及4-5种药物治疗效果欠佳;3、血红蛋白>90g/L,C-反应蛋白呈下降趋势,血沉<60mm/h;4、病历资料完整。排除标准包括:1、合并结核性脑膜炎;2、肝肾功能异常;3、与结核无关的慢性疾病所导致的器官功能障碍或合并HIV感染。

根据患者的手术方式等情况分为以下4组。经过手术、治疗和随访,作者收集了研究对象的相关资料后进行了以下分析:

表1 148例患者的一般情况,临床资料
表1.JPG

表2 手术时间及输血量对比
表2.JPG

表3 术前、术后6个月血沉和C-反应蛋白对比
表3.JPG

表4 术前、术后6个月神经功能评分对比
表4.JPG

表5 术后并发症和预后情况对比
表5.JPG

基于上述数据和对比,作者认为:各组患者均获得了较好的手术效果,无结核复发或植骨失败,术后无严重并发症,各组患者的C-反应蛋白和血沉指标均显著改善,但仅前后路联合组的ASIA评分显著改善;因此,各种手术方式的优势和局限应基于病灶位置和结核严重程度充分评估,以提高手术效果、降低手术风险。

四种手术方式及典型病例介绍:

1.JPG

第1组:前路清除病灶+植骨+前路内固定(图1)


5.JPG

图5 37岁男性患者,腰1-2结核,前路清除病灶并植骨融合内固定 A 术前X线,示腰1、2椎体受累,椎间隙消失,后凸畸形;B 术前CT扫描示椎体骨质破坏严重并有死骨形成;C 术前MRI示脓肿病灶向后方突出,形成压迫;D 术后X线示后凸畸形消失,内固定理想; E 术后1年CT示骨性融合,死骨消失


2.JPG

第2组:前路清除病灶+植骨+后路钉棒系统内固定组(图2)


6.JPG

图6 27岁女性,胸10结核,后路内固定+前路清除病灶并植骨 A 术前X线示椎体破坏,椎间隙消失,后凸畸形;B 术前CT及MRI示椎体严重破坏,脊髓受压明显;C 术后X线提示畸形消失,内固定可靠;D 术后6个月CT复查示骨性融合


3.JPG

第3组:后路清除病灶+植骨+后路钉棒系统内固定组(图3)


7.JPG

图7 62岁男性,腰5结核合并脊柱退行性变,后路病灶清除+植骨+后路内固定 A 术前X线示椎体破坏合并退行性侧凸;B 术前CT示椎体破坏,侧隐窝处死骨形成,神经受压;C 术前MRI示坏死组织对侧隐窝处的神经造成压迫;D 术后X线片示侧凸改善,植骨及内固定理想;E 术后6个月CT示骨性融合


4.JPG

第4组:前路清除病灶+植骨+前后路内固定组(图4)


8.JPG

图 43岁男性,胸10-腰1结核,后路固定+前路清除病灶并植骨融合内固定 A 术前X线示多发椎体破坏;B 术前CT示多发椎体破坏,死骨及腰大肌脓肿形成;C 术后3天X线片见内固定物位置理想;D 术后7个月X线片示内固定物位置佳,E 术后7个月CT重建示骨性融合,死骨消失;F 术后7个月MRI病灶清除完全,结核无复发迹象;G 术后24个月CT重建见骨性融合;H 术后24个月X线片见植骨已骨性融合.

原始出处:
Shi J, Tang X, Xu Y, Zhou T, Pan X, Lin H, Mao N, Xu X, Zhao W, Li Y.Single-stage internal fixation for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis using 4 different surgical approaches. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2014 Oct;27(7):E247-57.

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    2015-01-13 cmsvly
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011926, encodeId=1ec12011926cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Sun Nov 15 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651152, encodeId=35d2165115231, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60d45443e91' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术方式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54437, encryptionId=60d45443e91, topicName=手术方式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=916a24134794, createdName=dinorsor532, createdTime=Fri Jun 26 10:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784372, encodeId=65cf1e8437230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a727600194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Disord#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6001, encryptionId=a727600194, topicName=Disord)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 13 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20995, encodeId=262420995b0, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652116, encodeId=1918165211649, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 14:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253941, encodeId=aaaf1253941aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589488, encodeId=52f715894881f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec4584551b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84551, encryptionId=ec4584551b2, topicName=脊柱结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a42d17732962, createdName=3631179, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011926, encodeId=1ec12011926cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Sun Nov 15 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651152, encodeId=35d2165115231, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60d45443e91' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术方式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54437, encryptionId=60d45443e91, topicName=手术方式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=916a24134794, createdName=dinorsor532, createdTime=Fri Jun 26 10:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784372, encodeId=65cf1e8437230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a727600194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Disord#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6001, encryptionId=a727600194, topicName=Disord)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 13 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20995, encodeId=262420995b0, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652116, encodeId=1918165211649, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 14:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253941, encodeId=aaaf1253941aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589488, encodeId=52f715894881f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec4584551b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84551, encryptionId=ec4584551b2, topicName=脊柱结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a42d17732962, createdName=3631179, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-10 shock_melon
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011926, encodeId=1ec12011926cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Sun Nov 15 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651152, encodeId=35d2165115231, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60d45443e91' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术方式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54437, encryptionId=60d45443e91, topicName=手术方式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=916a24134794, createdName=dinorsor532, createdTime=Fri Jun 26 10:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784372, encodeId=65cf1e8437230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a727600194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Disord#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6001, encryptionId=a727600194, topicName=Disord)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 13 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20995, encodeId=262420995b0, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652116, encodeId=1918165211649, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 14:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253941, encodeId=aaaf1253941aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589488, encodeId=52f715894881f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec4584551b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84551, encryptionId=ec4584551b2, topicName=脊柱结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a42d17732962, createdName=3631179, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011926, encodeId=1ec12011926cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Sun Nov 15 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651152, encodeId=35d2165115231, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60d45443e91' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术方式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54437, encryptionId=60d45443e91, topicName=手术方式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=916a24134794, createdName=dinorsor532, createdTime=Fri Jun 26 10:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784372, encodeId=65cf1e8437230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a727600194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Disord#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6001, encryptionId=a727600194, topicName=Disord)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad0444, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Tue Jan 13 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20995, encodeId=262420995b0, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652116, encodeId=1918165211649, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 14:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253941, encodeId=aaaf1253941aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1589488, encodeId=52f715894881f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec4584551b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84551, encryptionId=ec4584551b2, topicName=脊柱结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a42d17732962, createdName=3631179, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 02:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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