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ANN ONCOL:血检EGFR突变状态能否指导晚期NSCLC治疗?

2017-07-24 Ryy 肿瘤资讯

很多晚期肺癌患者很难获得足够的组织或细胞学标本以进行基因检测,而口服靶向治疗药物目前已经成为具有敏感突变患者的一线治疗选择。通过血检进行基因检测是否能够指导晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的靶向药物选择?

很多晚期肺癌患者很难获得足够的组织或细胞学标本以进行基因检测,而口服靶向治疗药物目前已经成为具有敏感突变患者的一线治疗选择。通过血检进行基因检测是否能够指导晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的靶向药物选择?

背景

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)可以为IIIB-IV期具有敏感EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)患者带来临床获益,肿瘤组织中EGFR检测已经成为临床常规检测项目。但约有5-20%的晚期NSCLC患者很难获取组织或细胞学标本进行基因检测。有很多研究评价循环游离DNA(cfDNA)是否可以可靠的确认EGFR突变状态。3个大型荟萃分析显示其敏感性为61-67% 、特异性为90-97%。

欧洲药品管理局(EMA)已经批准,对于无法获得组织标本的患者可以通过cfDNA检测EGFR状态,以确定是否可以一线使用TKIs,FDA近期也批准使用COBAS突变试剂盒V2检测血浆cfDNA作为厄洛替尼伴随诊断。但所有已发表的研究都着眼于筛选后、具有组织配对的患者,通常是回顾性分析。目前,还没有关于以血检cfDNA EGFR为依据使用TKI的研究。我们首次前瞻性、大规模的报道,评价对于无法获得组织标本的非选择IIIB-IV期 NSCLC患者,血检cfDNA EGFR状态是否可以作为TKI用药的依据。

方法

119家西班牙医院收集的1138名晚期NSCLC患者的血液进行了EGFR突变前瞻性测试。配对血清和血浆样品(10毫升)由参与医院收集、离心并发送到中心实验室进行统一检测。实时荧光定量PCR方法(RT-PCR)测定血浆EGFR突变(TaqMan?)状态。

结果

患者临床特征

2012年6月~2016年4月,1033例患者前瞻性入组,其中535例(52%)不能活检,498例(48%)进行了活检。所有患者都没有足够的组织和/或细胞学标本进行检测。7例(0.7%)患者因取血量不足不能评价。可评价1026例,55.8%为男性,46.8%有吸烟史。11%(113/1026)cfDNA检测到EGFR 19及21突变。这其中女性(66.4%)及非吸烟患者(63.7%)占大多数。其中35例为p.L858R,3例为p.L861Q型突变;19外显子以15pb缺失更为常见。2015年5月开始,样本进行T790M检测。

检测方法的验证

通过纯化血清及血浆中的cfDNA检测EGFR突变状态。268例具有配对组织样本检测其敏感性及特异性。结果显示,该方法的对于EGFR敏感性突变的检测敏感性为75.9% (CI=68.9-81.7),特异性为100% (CI=96.2-100)。血浆的敏感性较血清高(70.0% vs. 57%),两者的特异性均为100%。关于T790M,初步检验了167例患者,没有发现耐药突变,而后检测了112例具有EGFR突变且TKI治疗后疾病进展的患者血标本,发现38例(33.9%)具有T790M。

cfDNA样本特征

采用Qubit?检测了EGFR突变型(EGFT-mut)和野生型(EGFT-wt)各40例样本DNA浓度。EGFT-mut患者血清中cfDNA浓度较EGFT-wt患者高,但没有达到统计学差异。90例EGFT-mut患者的145例血清及血浆样本可以检测到突变等位基因的浓度。范围2.5 ~2528.5 pg/μL,其中60%以上的cfDNA样本< 10 pg 突变基因/μL。血浆的平均浓度较血清高(5.4 vs. 3.2),但没有达到统计学差异。突变负荷0.005%-43.87%,半数以上的样本数值<0.25%。平均突变负荷血浆高于血清(0.23% vs. 0.12%)、19外显子缺失高于21突变(0.26% vs. 0.07%)后者达到统计学差异。突变负荷与突变基因的绝对浓度具有相关性(Spearman’s ρ=0.43, p<0.001)。

cfDNA EGFR突变与TKIs治疗疗效

2015年5月~2016年4月,前瞻性收集了105例晚期NSCLC使用TKI治疗后疾病进展的患者的血标本。59例(56.2%)检测到了敏感突变,37(35.2%)例检测到了耐药突变(T790M)。这其中,单纯T790M 1例,30例T790M与19外显子突变共存,6例与21外显子突变共存。

TKI的临床效果

依据血检EGFR的结果,回顾性分析了18例经TKI治疗的患者的临床信息。13例(72.2%)达到部分缓解。这18例患者的缓解时间为5-18个月,平均无进展生存时间为11个月。2例L858R的患者进展时间为5、8个月,6例19外显子突变的患者的进展时间为7月-NR。一些经Q-PNA-PCR检测为EGFR阳性的患者,也显示出对靶向治疗的良好反应。

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    2017-09-12 minlingfeng
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    2017-07-26 Luyuxie_11
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    2017-07-26 liuyiping
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    2017-07-25 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-07-25 184****9840

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-07-25 执迷不悔

    学习了

    0

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