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Diabetes Care:妊娠糖尿病对胎儿体重的影响

2016-04-09 MedSci MedSci原创

妊娠期糖尿病是女性在妊娠时期最常见的疾病之一,肥胖会增加孕妇发生妊娠期糖尿病的风险。不同地区的发病率差异较大,旧金山综合医院的统计数据表明,2013年美国孕妇出现妊娠期糖尿病的风险为7-18%。该病对孕妇和胎儿都有影响。CDC指出,该病会导致胎儿的血糖过高并导致胎儿体重过重,增加产妇分娩意外的风险,同时孩子今后患肥胖和糖尿病的风险也增加。通过饮食和锻炼可以控制妊娠期糖尿病的发生,此外,服用药物也有

妊娠期糖尿病是女性在妊娠时期最常见的疾病之一,肥胖会增加孕妇发生妊娠期糖尿病的风险。不同地区的发病率差异较大,旧金山综合医院的统计数据表明,2013年美国孕妇出现妊娠期糖尿病的风险为7-18%。

该病对孕妇和胎儿都有影响。CDC指出,该病会导致胎儿的血糖过高并导致胎儿体重过重,增加产妇分娩意外的风险,同时孩子今后患肥胖和糖尿病的风险也增加。通过饮食和锻炼可以控制妊娠期糖尿病的发生,此外,服用药物也有一定的治疗作用。

孕8-12周时,孕妇可通过血糖监测确定是否患有妊娠期糖尿病。风险较高的孕妇可在孕24-28周时进行全面检测。在现实中,大多数孕妇在孕28周接受血糖监测。

英国剑桥大学研究人员对4000多名首次做母亲的参与人员进行了探究和数据分析。研究人员使用B超收集胎儿腹围、头围等数据信息以掌握胎儿生长发育情况。此外,研究人员比较了患有妊娠期糖尿病和未患妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩的婴儿生长发育情况。孕28周后,4.2%的孕妇诊断为患有妊娠期糖尿病。

研究人员发现,孕20周时,胎儿的大小与孕妇是否患有妊娠期糖尿病无关。孕20-28周时,患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇腹中的胎儿增长速度较快,这就意味着,从孕28周时妊娠期糖尿病胎儿已经比正常发育的胎儿发育速度更快。这也说明,孕妇血糖检测或许为时已晚,应提早进行。

女性肥胖是常见的风险因素,肥胖且患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇孕28周时出现胎儿过度生长的风险是常人的5倍。

Ulla Sovio博士指出,临床应较早开展孕妇血糖筛查,并采取有效措施鼓励女性减肥,这样可有效降低今后儿童的肥胖风险。

原始出处:

Accelerated fetal growth prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women, Ulla Sovio et al., Diabetes Care, 8 Apr,2016

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    2016-04-23 明崖

    糖妈妈大头仔

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

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