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柳叶刀:中国居民健康情况不算好,也没那么糟!

2016-10-05 丹萌 医学界智库

导语:全球最健康国家地区大排名,188个国家地区参与,猜猜中国排在哪?最近,华盛顿大学研究人员基于“可持续发展目标”(SDG)进行了数据评估,列出了“全球最健康国家地区”排行。排名结果发表在著名医学杂志《柳叶刀》上。这次评估总共涉及33个指标,188个国家地区,满分100分。猜猜中国处在什么位置?靠前?垫底?都不至于。其实将将60分,排在188个国家地区中的第92位而已。这个结果,与你的预期相符吗

导语:全球最健康国家地区大排名,188个国家地区参与,猜猜中国排在哪?

最近,华盛顿大学研究人员基于“可持续发展目标”(SDG)进行了数据评估,列出了“全球最健康国家地区”排行。


排名结果发表在著名医学杂志《柳叶刀》上。


这次评估总共涉及33个指标,188个国家地区,满分100分。


猜猜中国处在什么位置?


靠前?




垫底?




都不至于。


其实将将60分,排在188个国家地区中的第92位而已。



这个结果,与你的预期相符吗?


空气污染,最拖居民健康“后腿”


通过研究结果我们可以看到,我国居民健康水平在不同指标下的表现相差甚远,既有表现十分优异的(比如战争,我国评分满分,说明不受战乱威胁),也有十分糟糕的。


其中评分最低的一项为PM2.5均值,仅得到25分。




我国的空气污染对人们的健康威胁到什么程度?根据WHO发布的《2016全球健康数据》(也是该研究的数据来源之一),我国每10万死者中有163.1人死于空气污染。


这一数字高居西太平洋区各国之首,位列全球第五。




这不是耸人听闻。根据英国广播公司(BBC)2015年的报道,2013年,细小颗粒物PM2.5在中国包括北京在内的31个城市导致大约25.7万人过早死亡。


在石家庄、济南、长沙、成都、南京和武汉这6个城市,平均每10万人中就有超过114人因为吸入PM2.5而过早死亡。


PM2.5的长期暴露与死亡率的上升有明显相关性,这个结论如今已很少有人质疑。美国癌症协会(ACS)和哈佛六城市研究结果显示,PM2.5浓度每增加10微克/立方米时,人群的总死亡率将上升,肺炎、心脏病及其他一些疾病的死亡率上升效应将随着暴露时间的延长而增强。


还有一些研究者通过对孕妇进行研究发现,高浓度的PM2.5条件还可能影响胚胎的发育。


乙肝威胁不容小视!


除此之外,肝炎、尤其是乙型肝炎也严重影响着中国居民的健康,评分仅有40分。


这项内容得分低,很大程度上是由于中西部地区乙肝疫苗接种率不足。


“中国相对发达的东部地区的乙肝疫苗覆盖率一直很高,但是西部地区从2002年开始推行儿童乙肝疫苗免费接种项目之后,情况才开始好转。”WHO的报告中说。


2002年之前,中国西部地区的乙肝疫苗接种率只有不到30%,当时我国乙肝病毒携带者占到了全球的1/3。


2002年时,卫生部和全球疫苗免疫联盟日前签署了一项关于儿童乙肝疫苗的合作项目,并下发《将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫的通知》,让乙肝疫苗得以在全国各地免费接种。


至2009年,中西部接种率已经接近80%。




但即使这样,中国仍有许多人没有接种过乙肝疫苗,乙肝威胁人体健康,而且容易传染,也因此严重影响着我国居民的健康情况。


中国居民健康,还有其他“差评”


除了PM2.5空气污染指数和大量肝炎人群,对中国的排名产生负面影响的因素还包括自然灾害造成的高死亡率(39分),卫生水平较低(38分),肺结核人数众多(45分)等等。


WHO的报告说,中国及其余4个国家占据了全球54%的新发肺结核病人。


除了批评,也有赞美


看了前面那些,倒也不用灰心。


作为一个“中游选手”,中国很多指标其实也是很傲人的。


比如疟疾的发病率是西太平洋地区各国最低,每1000人中只有不到0.1人存在患虐风险,评分高达94


还有高水平的产科(97分)、最低程度的家庭性暴力(96分),以及低程度的热带病传播(89分)等多项指标,中国的表现都十分优异。


榜单中排名最高的国家为冰岛、新加坡和瑞典,评分均高达85分,最低的是中非共和国,因为饱受战争和贫穷困扰,得分仅有20分。


参考文献:


2016 World Health Statistics:Monitoring health for the SDGs


Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries:a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

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    2016-10-12 童小孩

    中国居民健康状况

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147249, encodeId=3cc714e249ae, content=中国居民健康状况, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 23:39:33 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141307, encodeId=393a14130e8b, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 20:47:46 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140468, encodeId=9e50140468bb, content=雾霾天气也是很坏的污染!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140466, encodeId=04e1140466b9, content=分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140422, encodeId=0d9f14042281, content=原来如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:46:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140403, encodeId=d83a14040383, content=发展中国家,一切以发展为目的,其他的感觉都被当做附属品,可有可无,真的好心寒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:34:29 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-06 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    雾霾天气也是很坏的污染!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147249, encodeId=3cc714e249ae, content=中国居民健康状况, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 23:39:33 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141307, encodeId=393a14130e8b, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 20:47:46 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140468, encodeId=9e50140468bb, content=雾霾天气也是很坏的污染!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140466, encodeId=04e1140466b9, content=分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140422, encodeId=0d9f14042281, content=原来如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:46:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140403, encodeId=d83a14040383, content=发展中国家,一切以发展为目的,其他的感觉都被当做附属品,可有可无,真的好心寒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:34:29 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    分享一下!!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147249, encodeId=3cc714e249ae, content=中国居民健康状况, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 23:39:33 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141307, encodeId=393a14130e8b, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 20:47:46 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140468, encodeId=9e50140468bb, content=雾霾天气也是很坏的污染!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140466, encodeId=04e1140466b9, content=分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:53:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140422, encodeId=0d9f14042281, content=原来如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:46:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140403, encodeId=d83a14040383, content=发展中国家,一切以发展为目的,其他的感觉都被当做附属品,可有可无,真的好心寒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 15:34:29 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-05 明月清辉

    原来如此

    0

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    2016-10-05 榄枷檬

    发展中国家,一切以发展为目的,其他的感觉都被当做附属品,可有可无,真的好心寒

    0

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