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Nature Genetics:定位“疼痛感”基因,致力缓解疼痛的新方法

2015-05-27 佚名 生物谷

疼痛知觉是提醒我们处于坏的危险处境和潜在组织损伤的一种保守机制。然而,一些罕见的人天生无法感觉疼痛。这些人在生活中面对大量的自我伤害,常常导致寿命的缩短。剑桥大学领导的一个国际研究小组最近发现了一个产生疼痛感觉神经元必不可少的基因。这一发现在线发表在今天的Nature Genetics,将可能对缓解疼痛的新方法发展带来一定的影响。通过使用详细的基因组图谱,研究小组合作分析了来自欧洲和亚洲的11个称

疼痛知觉是提醒我们处于坏的危险处境和潜在组织损伤的一种保守机制。然而,一些罕见的人天生无法感觉疼痛。这些人在生活中面对大量的自我伤害,常常导致寿命的缩短。剑桥大学领导的一个国际研究小组最近发现了一个产生疼痛感觉神经元必不可少的基因。这一发现在线发表在今天的Nature Genetics,将可能对缓解疼痛的新方法发展带来一定的影响。

通过使用详细的基因组图谱,研究小组合作分析了来自欧洲和亚洲的11个称为先天性疼痛不敏感(CIP)遗传性疾病的家庭人员的基因组成。这使得他们发现了病症起因于基因PRDM12的变体。患有CIP的家族成员携带该基因的两个变异副本; 但是,如果他们只继承了来自父母的一份变体,将不会受到CIP的困扰。

研究者观察了来自病人的神经活检,发现了特定的疼痛感觉神经元缺失。从疾病的临床特征分析,研究人员预测在胚胎的发育过程中便出现了抑制疼痛感觉神经元生成过程——他们在小鼠和青蛙模型上证实了这一点,并在人类诱导多能干细胞上进一步确认。

PRDM12之前就被报道存在于染色质的修饰,染色质连接DNA,作用就像一个开关,能打开和关闭基因(即表观遗传学的效果)。研究人员发现,在CIP患者身上PRDM12所有的基因变体都会阻止该基因的功能。染色质对于特定细胞类型形成过程中尤其重要,包括神经元。这为疼痛感觉神经元为何不在CIP患者正确形成提供了一个可能的解释。

“感知疼痛的能力是我们必不可少的自我保护,但我们对痛苦过程了解的往往比痛觉少得多,”研究小组的Geoff Woods教授说道。“这两者对新的疼痛治疗的发展同样重要——如果我们知道疼痛背后的机理,我们就可以潜在地控制和减少不必要的痛苦。”

PRDM12是目前确认的的第五个与痛觉缺乏相关的基因。而之前发现的基因中,有两个已经应用于新的止痛药的开发,并正处于临床试验中。

研究人员表示非常希望这个新的基因能帮助开发一个新的候选药物,特别是考虑到最近靶向人类疾病中的染色质药物的成功。这将可能帮助那些缺乏疼痛感知的患者或者需要缓解疼痛的人。

原始出处:

Ya-Chun Chen,Michaela Auer-Grumbach,et al.Transcriptional regulator PRDM12 is essential for human pain perception.Nature Genetics, May 25, 2015.doi:10.1038/ng.3308

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    2015-06-28 cy0324
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    2015-12-01 canlab
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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